Anopheles darlingi polytene chromosomes: revised maps including newly described inversions and evidence for population structure in Manaus

Salivary gland polytene chromosomes of 4th instar Anopheles darlingi Root were examined from multiple locations in the Brazilian Amazon. Minor modifications were made to existing polytene photomaps. These included changes to the breakpoint positions of several previously described paracentric inversions and descriptions of four new paracentric inversions, two on the right arm of chromosome 3 and two on the left arm of chromosome 3 that were found in multiple locations. A total of 18 inversions on the X (n = 1) chromosome, chromosome 2 (n = 7) and 3 (n = 11) were scored for 83 individuals from Manaus, Macapá and Porto Velho municipalities. The frequency of 2Ra inversion karyotypes in Manaus shows significant deficiency of heterozygotes (p < 0.0009). No significant linkage disequilibrium was found between inversions on chromosome 2 and 3. We hypothesize that at least two sympatric subpopulations exist within the An. darlingi population at Manaus based on inversion frequencies

Redes de atenção às urgências e emergências: pré-avaliação das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPAs) em uma região metropolitana do Brasil Urgent and emergency care networks: a pre-evaluation of the First Aid Units (UPAs) in a metropolitan region of Brazil

OBJETIVOS: um estudo avaliativo, exploratório das UPAs na região metropolitana do Recife, no ano de 2011. MÉTODOS: considerou-se a descrição da intervenção, o delineamento do modelo lógico, o envolvimento dos interessados e a construção de perguntas avaliativas. Realizou-se abordagem de três fases interativas, utilizando, para sua operacionalização, a análise documental, entrevistas e Conferência de Consenso. O modelo lógico elaborado subsidiou a construção de matriz com critérios e indicadores, que foi submetida a um comitê de informantes-chave para obtenção do consenso. RESULTADOS: a matriz de critérios e indicadores resultante do consenso é composta de três níveis de análise (assistência à saúde, integração interistitucional e gestão) com 41 critérios e 74 indicadores avaliativos. Com base no modelo lógico, na Conferência de Consenso, na matriz de critérios/indicadores e nas considerações sistematizadas dos inte-ressados, foram elaboradas 14 perguntas avaliativas. CONCLUSÕES: as UPAs encontram-se adequadas à rea-lização de avaliações, pois se verificou que os elementos identificados no modelo lógico são condizentes com as condições que a intervenção possui para alcançar suas metas e objetivos.<br>OBJECTIVES: an exploratory evaluative study of the UPAs in a metropolitan region of Brazil in 2011. METHODS: the intervention was described, the logical model outlined, along with the involvement of stakeholders, and evaluation questions drawn up. The three interactive phases approach was carried out using document analysis, interviews and consensus conferencing. The logical model was based on building up a matrix of criteria and indicators that was submitted to a committee of key informants with a view to obtaining consensus. RESULTS: the matrix of criteria and indicators resulting from the consensus comprises three levels of analysis (health care, inter-institutional interaction and management) with 41 criteria and 74 evaluation indicators. Based on the logical model, the consensus conference, the matrix of criteria and indicators and the systematized considerations of interested parties, fourteen evaluation questions were drawn up. CONCLUSIONS: the UPAs are capable of carrying out evaluations, since it was found that the elements identified in the logical model are conducive to the conditions that the intervention requires in order to meet its aims and objectives