A casa própria: sonho ou realidade? : um olhar sobre os conjuntos habitacionais em Natal

This dissertation is about housing provision under a capitalist system. It aims at analyzing the economic relevance of the Brazilian housing policy, in particular, looking at the housing estates built in Natal city. It also draws on a data-base about living and housing conditions in Natal, produced in the wake of a more comprehensive research of the 50 largest housing estates in the city. Theoretically, the dissertation discusses: the symbolic dimension of housing; housing as a commodity; the alleged social and economic stability of homeownership; and the urban dynamic of housing estates. It also discusses the historic and conceptual references of the Brazilian housing policy and its consequences to Natal city. From the 1960s, polilcy under the BNH privileged the production of large housing estates. Although this was more closely related to economic rather than social objectives, this policy helped expand the urban limits. This was the case for Natal. At the end, this policy was not targeted towards the poorest in society but towards those low income house buyers who could afford to pay for the mortgages on offerConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoEsta dissertação versa sobre a produção capitalista da habitação. Objetiva analisar o imperativo econômico preponderante na política habitacional brasileira, tendo como foco de estudo os conjuntos habitacionais da cidade de Natal. Para caminharmos com este objetivo, usamos como base de análise um banco de dados sobre as condições de vida e moradia nos conjuntos habitacionais de Natal , o qual é fruto de uma pesquisa bastante ampla sobre os 50 maiores conjuntos da Grande Natal. O percurso teórico visou entender: a questão da moradia, na sua amplitude simbólica; a habitação-mercadoria; a alegada estabilidade social e econômica relacionada à propriedade habitacional; e a inserção dos conjuntos habitacionais no espaço urbano. Buscou, ainda, compreender as questões históricoconceituais referentes à política habitacional brasileira e o reflexo desta na política implementada na cidade de Natal. A política dos grandes conjuntos presente, a partir da década de 1960, na cidade de Natal resultou da política nacional empreendida pelo BNH, que privilegiou objetivos econômicos mais do que os sociais; mesmo assim, teve expressiva importância. A adoção da provisão de habitação em massa deu ao BNH o mérito de ampliar o tecido urbano de muitas cidades, não só com a política de habitação, mas também passando a intervir no planejamento urbano, ao dotar as cidades, atendidas por seus programas, com infra-estrutura e regulação urbana. Eis a questão-chave: o abandono de um projeto social, pois a política habitacional, prometendo atender uma necessidade básica dos indivíduos e na sua efetivação, estabeleceu uma linha direta com o mercado. Atendeu não aqueles mais necessitados, mas os que, embora necessitados, possuíam os meios de pagar por sua moradia. Em Natal, os conjuntos habitacionais abrigam uma população de rendimentos relativamente significativos, que tem um bom padrão de vid

A MUNICIPALIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA DE HABITAÇÃO: QUANDO O PEQUENO SE TORNA GRANDE / THE MUNICIPALIZATION OF HOUSING POLICY: WHEN SMALL BECOMES BIG

This article discusses the municipalization of social housing policy in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), more specifically analyzing the administrative conditions presented by the municipalities of the state that make up the Semiárido region to manage and implement strategies aimed at the housing sector. It considers the municipal administrative structure set up for the housing sector, the alternative forms of housing provision, as well as the financial capacity of the municipalities analyzed. The research involved a survey of data and information in the MUNIC database, SICONFI and in the Meu Município platform. This article made it possible to expand a critical approach to housing policy in RN, anchored in the systematic survey of housing policy in Rio Grande do Norte on an analytical scale that has not been explored: the Brazilian semi-arid region, considering its particularities and weaknesses, which are fundamental for the design and implementation of the policy housing. The analysis of the housing policy in the Potiguar semi-arid region showed that there is a considerable effort by local authorities to respond to the institutionalization of the policy, however, the lack of financial capacity and the lack of accumulated experience makes it difficult to create strategic actions of participation, planning and implementation of housing actions.Este artículo discute la municipalización de la política de vivienda social en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte (RN), analizando más específicamente las condiciones administrativas que presentan los municipios del estado que componen la región semiárida para implementar y gestionar estrategias dirigidas a el sector vivienda. Considera la estructura administrativa municipal configurada para el sector vivienda, las formas alternativas de provisión de vivienda, así como la capacidad financiera de los municipios analizados. La investigación implicó un levantamiento de datos e informaciones de las siguientes fuentes: MUNIC, SICONFI y la Plataforma Meu Município. Este artículo permitió ampliar un abordaje crítico de la política habitacional en RN, anclado en el levantamiento sistemático de la política habitacional norte-rio-grandense en una escala analítica que no ha sido explorada: el semiárido brasileño, considerando sus particularidades y debilidades, que son fundamentales para el diseño e implementación de la política de vivienda. El análisis de la política de vivienda en el semiárido de Potiguar mostró que existe un esfuerzo considerable por parte de las autoridades locales para responder a la institucionalización de la política, sin embargo, la falta de capacidad financiera y la falta de experiencia acumulada pone en riesgo acciones estratégicas de participación, planificación y ejecución de acciones de vivienda.O presente artigo discute a municipalização da política de habitação social no estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), analisando as condições administrativas apresentadas pelos municípios do estado que compõem a região do Semiárido para implementar e gerir as estratégias direcionadas ao setor habitacional. Serão consideradas a estrutura administrativa municipal montada para o setor habitacional, as formas alternativas de provisão habitacional, bem como a capacidade financeira dos municípios analisados. A pesquisa envolveu um levantamento de dados e informações a partir das seguintes fontes: MUNIC, o SICONFI e a Plataforma Meu Município. Este artigo possibilitou ampliar uma abordagem crítica sobre a política habitacional no RN, ancorada no levantamento sistemático da política habitacional norte-rio-grandense numa escala analítica pouco explorada: o semiárido brasileiro, considerando-se suas particularidades e fragilidades, fundamentais para o desenho e execução da política habitacional. A análise da política habitacional no semiárido potiguar demonstrou que há um esforço considerável das gestões locais para responder à institucionalização da política. No entanto, a ausência de capacidade financeira e o insuficiente acúmulo de experiência coloca em xeque ações estratégicas de participação, planejamento e de implementação das ações habitacionais. Abstract. This article discusses the municipalization of social housing policy in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), more specifically analyzing the administrative conditions presented by the municipalities of the state that make up the Semiárido region to manage and implement strategies aimed at the housing sector. It considers the municipal administrative structure set up for the housing sector, the alternative forms of housing provision, as well as the financial capacity of the municipalities analyzed. The research involved a survey of data and information in the MUNIC database, SICONFI and in the Meu Município platform. This article made it possible to expand a critical approach to housing policy in RN, anchored in the systematic survey of housing policy in Rio Grande do Norte on an analytical scale that has not been explored: the Brazilian semi-arid region, considering its particularities and weaknesses, which are fundamental for the design and implementation of the policy housing. The analysis of the housing policy in the Potiguar semi-arid region showed that there is a considerable effort by local authorities to respond to the institutionalization of the policy, however, the lack of financial capacity and the lack of accumulated experience makes it difficult to create strategic actions of participation, planning and implementation of housing actions

A REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE NATAL/RN: RECONFIGURAÇÃO DA REDE URBANA, CIDADES DE PEQUENO PORTE E AS ARTICULAÇÕES TERRITORIAIS NO ESPAÇO METROPOLITANO / The Metropolitan Region of Natal/RN: reconfiguration of the urban network, small towns and territorial articulations in the metropolitan space

Abstract: This study analyzes the metropolitan region of Natal/RN, its urban network reconfiguration, small towns and territorial articulations in the metropolitan space. The commuting population movement of the influential cities of the Metropolitan Region of Natal/RN, Population Arrangement of Natal/RN, indicates a strong population integration. The methodology used is bibliographical research and consultation of a varied number of bibliographies and documents. It was supported and conducted in official data and information and in the literature on the subject. Concepts of Geographic Networks and territorial articulations were used. The offer of jobs, provision of services in the areas of education, tourism and health, in addition to the search for human survival, requires people to move from one municipality to another on a daily basis, seeking to meet their needs. Human commuting between municipalities is justified because many workers have family relationships, homes or their own homes in their municipalities of origin. It is concluded that some municipalities, and mainly influential cities, have centers of specialties in the area of health, professional education and higher education, and jobs, especially in tourism, in addition to being a reference in science, technology and innovation initiatives centred on the implementation of technology parks. Thus, in the reconfiguration of the urban network, territorial management centers are constituted, poles of attraction that are strengthened with greater regional socioeconomic dynamism.Este estudio analiza la región metropolitana de Natal/RN, su reconfiguración de la red urbana, los pequeños pueblos y las articulaciones territoriales en el espacio metropolitano. El movimiento de población itinerante de las ciudades influyentes que componen la Región Metropolitana de Natal/RN, Ordenamiento Poblacional de Natal/RN. Se apoyó y realizó en datos e informaciones oficiales y en la literatura sobre el tema. Se utilizaron conceptos de Redes Geográficas y articulaciones territoriales. La oferta de trabajo, la prestación de servicios en las áreas de educación, turismo y salud, además de la búsqueda de la supervivencia humana, exige que las personas se trasladen diariamente de un municipio a otro, buscando satisfacer sus necesidades. Los desplazamientos humanos entre municipios se justifican porque muchos trabajadores tienen relaciones familiares, viviendas o viviendas propias en sus municipios de origen. Se concluye que algunos municipios, y principalmente ciudades influyentes, cuentan con centros de especialidades en el área de la salud, formación profesional y educación superior, y empleos, especialmente en turismo, además de ser referente en iniciativas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. centrado en la implementación de parques tecnológicos. Así, en la reconfiguración de la trama urbana se constituyen centros de gestión territorial, polos de atracción que se fortalecen con mayor dinamismo socioeconómico regional.Este estudo analisa a Região Metropolitana de Natal/RN, sua reconfiguração de rede urbana, cidades de pequeno porte e as articulações territoriais no espaço metropolitano. O movimento populacional pendular das cidades influentes da Região Metropolitana de Natal/RN, Arranjo Populacional de Natal/RN, indica uma forte integração populacional. A metodologia utilizada é de pesquisa bibliográfica e a consulta a número variado de bibliografias e documentos. Foi amparado e conduzido em dados e informações oficiais e na literatura sobre o tema. Utilizou-se conceitos de Redes Geográficas e as articulações territoriais. A oferta de postos de trabalho, prestação de serviços nas áreas da educação, turismo e da saúde além da busca pela sobrevivência humana, exigem diariamente pessoas se movimentando de um município para outro buscando atender suas necessidades. O movimento pendular humano entre municípios, justifica-se, pois, muitos trabalhadores possuem relações familiares, residências ou casa própria em seus municípios de origem. Conclui-se que alguns municípios e principalmente cidades influentes, detém centros de especialidades na área saúde, educação profissional e formação superior, e postos de trabalho, sobretudo no turismo, além de serem referência em iniciativas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação centradas na implementação de parques tecnológicos. Assim, na reconfiguração da rede urbana constitui-se centros de gestão do território, polos de atração que se fortalecem com maior dinamismo socioeconômico regional. Abstract: This study analyzes the metropolitan region of Natal/RN, its urban network reconfiguration, small towns and territorial articulations in the metropolitan space. The commuting population movement of the influential cities of the Metropolitan Region of Natal/RN, Population Arrangement of Natal/RN, indicates a strong population integration. The methodology used is bibliographical research and consultation of a varied number of bibliographies and documents. It was supported and conducted in official data and information and in the literature on the subject. Concepts of Geographic Networks and territorial articulations were used. The offer of jobs, provision of services in the areas of education, tourism and health, in addition to the search for human survival, requires people to move from one municipality to another on a daily basis, seeking to meet their needs. Human commuting between municipalities is justified because many workers have family relationships, homes or their own homes in their municipalities of origin. It is concluded that some municipalities, and mainly influential cities, have centers of specialties in the area of health, professional education and higher education, and jobs, especially in tourism, in addition to being a reference in science, technology and innovation initiatives centred on the implementation of technology parks. Thus, in the reconfiguration of the urban network, territorial management centers are constituted, poles of attraction that are strengthened with greater regional socioeconomic dynamism

Cohab/RN: o caminho da interiorização

The housing policy implemented in Brazil by the Nacional Housing Bank (Banco Nacional de Habitação – BNH) included the Housing Companies (Companhias de Habitação – Cohabs) established in each federative state among its operating agencies. This paper looks at the actions carried out by Cohab/RN with respect to the construction of housing estates in the interior of the state and seeks to contribute to the research on housing outside of big urban centers. Different qualitative and quantitative data sources were used, such as institutional databases (for example, BHH, DATANORTE and IBGE), newspapers (Tribuna do Norte), and magazines (RN-econômico and BN em resumo), among others. The information was organized to prioritize a historic and spatial analysis, with data organized in tables, figures and maps. Political, economic and social motivations that contributed to the interiorization of Cohab/RN were highlighted, as well as the idiosyncrasies of this process. It is important to note that the analysis of these housing estates provides important elements to understand the local reality and/or comparative analyses regarding both the current housing policies in RN, and actions carried out by other Cohabs in Brazil

Cohab/RN: o caminho da interiorização

The housing policy implemented in Brazil by the Nacional Housing Bank (Banco Nacional de Habitação – BNH) included the Housing Companies (Companhias de Habitação – Cohabs) established in each federative state among its operating agencies. This paper looks at the actions carried out by Cohab/RN with respect to the construction of housing estates in the interior of the state and seeks to contribute to the research on housing outside of big urban centers. Different qualitative and quantitative data sources were used, such as institutional databases (for example, BHH, DATANORTE and IBGE), newspapers (Tribuna do Norte), and magazines (RN-econômico and BN em resumo), among others. The information was organized to prioritize a historic and spatial analysis, with data organized in tables, figures and maps. Political, economic and social motivations that contributed to the interiorization of Cohab/RN were highlighted, as well as the idiosyncrasies of this process. It is important to note that the analysis of these housing estates provides important elements to understand the local reality and/or comparative analyses regarding both the current housing policies in RN, and actions carried out by other Cohabs in Brazil