Heartwater : past, present and future : proceedings of a workshop held at Berg en Dal, Kruger National Park, on 8-16 September 1986

The sequential development of C. ruminantium (Kwanyanga and Kumm isolates) was followed in caprine leukocyte cultures by light microscopy, direct immunofluorescent microscopy (DFA), indirect immunofluorescent microscopy (IFA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During the febrile response, one to several small cocci, large ring forms or rods were observed in neutrophils in blood smears and cytopreparations of neutrophil fractions using Diff Quik stain, Giemsa stain, DFA and TEM. One to several C. ruminantium colonies were seen in up to 35% of neutrophils maintained in vitro for 18 h to 5 days. The organisms were located in neutrophil phagosomes by TEM and were enveloped by two trilamellar unit membranes. Initially, C. ruminantium was tightly enclosed within phagosomes. At 20 h of incubation, organisms were frequently observed undergoing binary fission within enlarged phagosomal vacuoles. At later time periods, neutrophils harboured fully formed colonies (morula) containing numerous organisms. An occasional C. ruminantium-infected macrophage (Kumm isolate), and an occasional infected eosinophil (Kumm and Kwanyanga isolate) were found.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Effects of Tofacitinib On Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Stable-Dose Methotrexate: Results of Two Phase 3 Studies

Pathophysiology and treatment of rheumatic disease