An inequality for bi-orthogonal pairs

We use Salem's method to prove that there is a lower bound for partial sums of series of bi-orthogonal vectors in a Hilbert space, or the dual vectors. This is applied to some lower bounds on $L^{1}$ norms for orthogonal expansions. There is also an application concerning linear algebra

Investigation of catalytic combustion of impurities in air Final report, 24 Mar. - 28 Dec. 1966

Catalytic coil to oxidize carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane present as impurities in ai

Prader-Willi syndrome: are there population differences?

A 15 1/2-year-old black female with features consistent with the Prader-Willi syndrome is reported. This is the second case report of a black individual and the first case of a black female with the Prader-Willi syndrome. There is an apparent paucity of blacks reported with this condition. Whether this difference is a true difference or represents under-reporting is not known. We urge reporting of individuals representing other racial groups with this disorder and suggest population studies to determine the incidence as well as the true population difference in the Prader-Willi syndrome

The impact of college leadership experiences on long term well-being

In an era when the debate surrounding the value of a college education seems solely focused on the earning power of graduates, colleges and universities must make a concerted effort to include additional outcomes in the discussion. One area of promise is the examination of the impact of various college experiences on long term well-being. Using a multiple analysis of variance, this study explored the influence of collegiate leadership experiences on long term well-being and meaningful work. Results revealed that students engaged in activities with focused leadership development reported higher levels of positive meaning in their work and higher levels of meaning making through work than those with no leadership experience as well as those who held positional leadership roles without a focus on leadership development. Further, it was colleges provided this experience equally well through both paid and unpaid positions. Further research is necessary to better understand any additional post-collegiate experience that may have affected the results of the study

Multiple sclerosis: Physiological, perceptive and neural responses to exercise intensity

The aim of this work was to investigate physiological, perceptive and neurological responses to exercise intensity in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The thesis begins with reviews of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and exercise followed by three main studies. The first study explores the within session and test-retest reliability of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) from the resting tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). MEPs were recorded from 10 PwMS (2male, 8female) in 5 blocks of 5 trials using stimulators configured to fire a single pulse. MEP peak amplitudes (mV) and MEP areas (mV.mS) were measured at 2 durations MEPshort (30ms) and MEPlong (mean 50ms). The size of the first MEP (T1) from each block (mean 5.1) was significantly different to subsequent trials (T2 -T5) for MEPlong (mean 4.5 p 0.05). The testretest intraclass coefficients of correlation (ICC) and their 95% confidence intervals indicated high (>0.80) reliability for both MEParea and MEPpeak. The results showed that consistent, repeatable TMS measures were obtained from the resting TA of PwMS. The second study compared physiological and perceptive measures of PwMS to a group of healthy individuals while performing a symptom-limited graded exercise test (GXT), and through the post-exercise time-course to recovery. 54 PwMS (MSG, mean age 52.8years ± 9.0) and 17 healthy, age-matched controls (CG,mean age 48.9 years ± 5.7) performed a symptom-limited graded exercise test (GXT). Expired air (VO2), heart rate (HR), and differential ratings of perceived exertion (RPE breathing and RPE legs) were recorded during exercise, and HR and RPE (breathing and legs) during the recovery period. There were no significant differences in any baseline measure except RPEleg (MSG mean1.1±1.2; CG 0.2 ±0.4 p <0.05). During the GXT MS group means (±SD) failed to reach any criterion measure considered to represent peak performance. The control group mean exercise measures reached recognised criteria for peak testing on two measures; mean heart rate of within ± 10 beats of age predicted HRmax, mean RER value greater than 1.10. Significant differences existed between groups in all peak measures (mean MSG VO2 peak 20.1±6.4, mean CG VO2 peak 27.8 ±6.8; mean MSG HRpeak 140.1±24.8, mean CG HRpeak 167.7± 9.4; mean MSG RPE breathing 5.1±1.7, mean CG RPE breathing 6.8± 2.3; mean MS watts 97.4±35.2, mean CG watts 161.8 ± 43.4 p 0.05). There were no significant effects on the peak measures of variables when weighted by MS classification (RR-MS, SP-MS and PP- MS). There were differences between group recovery values for RPEleg at 10 mins (mean MSG 1.8 ±1.2, mean CG 1.0±1.1 p<0.05) and Temp°C at 3mins (mean MSG 36.5± 0.5, mean CG 36.9± 0.6 p<0.05) and 10mins (mean MSG 36.4±0.4, mean CG 37.0±0.3p<0.05) post-exercise. MS HR remained marginally above preexercise HR values at 10 minutes post-exercise. Differential measures of RPE for both groups recovered to pre-exercise values at 5 mins (±SD). During maximal exertion, it was observed that PwMS irrespective of disease classification, or years from onset were neither limited by their heart rate, nor their breathing, but that leg fatigue or lack of central drive to the lower limb was the reason for their inability to continue. In the third study, the physiological perceptive and central responses of PwMS were explored during exercise at low and high intensity, and through the timecourse to recovery. Participants performed 2 exercise training (ET) sessions where they performed 20 minutes of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 45% (ET45) and 60% (ET60) relative to peak watts determined during a GXT. 12 MSG and 9 CG completed the 2 exercise sessions. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences in groups’baseline measures of HR, Temp°C, RPEbr, RPEleg or TMS measures between-groups or between-sessions. When comparing groups during ET45, measures of all variables were similar, except for RPE leg at 14mins,(mean MSG 3.3 ±1.1, CG 2.1±1.2 p<0.05). During ET60 MSG HR was higher from 14mins (mean 107.8bpm ±12.6 bpm, CG 136.8 bpm ±13.8 p<0.05). When comparing the results of MSG ET45 and ET60, during the 35 minute postexercise phase MSG HR recovered to pre-exercise values at 10 mins (mean HR 71.4bpm ±12.7, baseline 63.8 bpm ±9.8 p>0.05) after ET45, while post-ET60 HR failed to recover before session-end (mean HR 83 bpm ±11.3, baseline 64.6 bpm ±8.2, p<0.05). TMS measures were significantly depressed after both training sessions. Mean MEP size were 71% ±38% of pre-exercise levels at 30 secs post-ET45 (p<0.05) and 52% ±17.8% post ET60 at 2 minutes (p<0.05). Post-ET45 MEPs recovered to pre-exercise values at 10mins while post-ET-60 MEPs recovered at 20 mins. MEP latency and MEPρeriph were unchanged. Following ET60 we observed a strong negative relationship between Temp°C and MEPs (r=-.65, p=0.023). The investigation revealed significant, intensity-dependent, physiological and perceptive differences, during exercise and through the time-course to recovery. Analysis of responses to post-exercise TMS revealed a significant depression in corticospinal excitability, with a clear intensity-dependent difference in the depth and duration of MEP depression. In addition, an inverse relationship was found between internal body temperature and corticospinal excitability. The results may offer further guidance to clinicians for the provision of safe, appropriate and effective exercise prescription to PwMS

Japan and Australia's foreign policy, 1945-1952

Professor Meaney visited the Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines during the winter months of 1999 and conducted research on the position of Japan in the formulation of Australian policy towards the British Commonwealth and the United States. This paper represents the fruits of his researc

Case Study in Enterprise Risk Management: Lion Rock Summer Camps, Inc.

Enterprise risk management is a crucial part of the modern business world. Being unprepared to handle risks that a company may face can lead to financial demise. Since the 1960s, the insurance industry has steadily moved away from the focus on insurance buying. Enterprise risk management strives to identify company-wide risks, evaluate their frequency and severity, come up with risk management and loss control methods, implement said methods, and monitor their effectiveness over time. In this case study, I identify risks for Lion Rock Summer Camps, Inc. and suggest various risk management and loss control methods. Lion Rock Summer Camps, Inc. faces many risks that are common among all businesses, but due to the nature of their operations they also face risks unique to their company. By identifying and suggesting risk management solutions, I attempt to reduce costs of risk for the firm as a whole