Need assessment using PRA and GIS techniques

Need assessment using PRA and GIS technique

Bangladesh WASH sector: large-scale impact assessment

The Sanitation, Hygiene Education and Water Supply in Bangladesh (SHEWA-B) programme was launched by UNICEF in 2007 with a primary focus on sanitation and hygiene promotion. It is one of the largest WASH programmes ever attempted in a developing country, and reached a target population of 21.4 million people by the end of 2013. Progress is assessed using a three-pronged monitoring system that incorporates external (third-party) process monitoring, participatory community-based monitoring, and a comprehensive health impact study to gauge how programme outputs are influencing hygiene behaviour change and the incidence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under five. This paper describes the methodology and scope of the health impact study, presents preliminary results, and discusses the importance of impact studies in refining programme strategies and contribution to the global WASH evidence base

Alternative solutions for challenging environments: a look at UNICEF-assisted ecosan projects worldwide

This paper summarises information from 20 UNICEF-assisted ecological sanitation projects in 12 countries. The projects varied widely in size from 95 users for a project with household urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in Bangladesh up to 23,000 users under emergency conditions in Zimbabwe. They share characteristics of purpose, scope, challenges, opportunities and sanitation technologies, which were mainly UDDTs and composting toilets. Specific insights are given for the projects in Bangladesh and Rwanda where large-scale ecological sanitation „ecosan‟ programs are currently underway. We discuss the potential to scale-up initiatives by providing increased technical back-up support to users, greater linkages with community-led total sanitation and with income generation initiatives via higher agricultural yields. In the context of growing urbanisation and hydro-geological challenges, this paper highlights that “ecosan technologies” (such as UDDTs) can be a suitable technical solution where pit-based toilets are impossible to be implemented sustainably

Optimisation of sewage treatment process at Pagla

The sewage treatment plant of the Dhaka Metropolitan, known as Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant (PSTP) was designed to treat a maximum flow of 120,000 m3 /day of domestic sewage generated from about 18 per cent population of the metropolitan. The final effluent from the treatment plant is discharged into the adjacent Buriganga River. The treatment process in application is basically a low cost option consisting of grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, facultative lagoon, chlorination system and sludge lagoon (Figure 1). There has always been a general complaint of shortcomings of the overall performance of the plant, which is in fact evident from an obnoxious and foul smell even at the fag end of the plant. In quest of optimisation of treatment process; a study was undertaken where both qualitative and quantitative aspects of sewage with particular emphasis on the characteristics of influent, effluent and sludge were checked and determined with laboratory aids. The hourly as well as seasonal variations of various parameters were also studied. This paper highlights some significant aspects of the study and aims at drawing conclusions in order to facilitate optimising the sewage treatment operation of the plant