236 research outputs found
EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF FORMULATION CONTAINING CAMPHOR, MENTHOL AND THYMOL
Objective: To determine analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of a oily formulation containing camphor, menthol and thymol as ingredients in wistar albino mice and rats.Methods: Acute toxicity studies were done as per OECD 423 guidelines. No signs of toxicity were observed up to 2000 mg/kg. Based on the mortality rate dose was designed. Analgesic activity was performed in Swiss albino mice by Hot plate method. Anti inflammatory activity was performed in male Wistar rats by turpentine induced inflammation model.Results: The formulation at a dose of (100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg) produced a dose dependent significant analgesic effect in hot plate method (p<0.001). However the formulation at a dose of (250 mg/kg & 500 mg/kg) showed anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.001) when compared with the control group.Conclusion: In the above investigations OFCMT (oily formulation of camphor, menthol and thymol) has shown tremendous protection from pain and Inflammation in experimental animals the above pharmacological effects may be due to the presence of monoterpenoids in the formulation.Â
Procedural Generation of Complex Roundabouts for Autonomous Vehicle Testing
High-definition roads are an essential component of realistic driving
scenario simulation for autonomous vehicle testing. Roundabouts are one of the
key road segments that have not been thoroughly investigated. Based on the
geometric constraints of the nearby road structure, this work presents a novel
method for procedurally building roundabouts. The suggested method can result
in roundabout lanes that are not perfectly circular and resemble real-world
roundabouts by allowing approaching roadways to be connected to a roundabout at
any angle. One can easily incorporate the roundabout in their HD road
generation process or use the standalone roundabouts in scenario-based testing
of autonomous driving
A Systematic Literature Review on Agri-Food Supply Chain Transparency
The agri-food supply chain (ASC), integral to global sustenance, faces pressing challenges related to transparency and traceability. This systematic literature review (SLR) delves into the transformative potential of emerging digital technologies, namely Blockchain, IoT, and Digital Financial Solutions, in addressing these challenges. Through a rigorous selection process, 88 papers were meticulously reviewed, revealing a growing academic interest in the domain. The review underscores the individual and combined potentials of these technologies in enhancing transparency, fostering trust, and ensuring efficiency in the ASC. The study further highlights the synergistic benefits of integrating these technologies, emphasizing their role in real-time monitoring, secure transactions, and collaborative operations. The findings illuminate a promising future for the ASC, advocating for continued research and innovation in harnessing these technologies to meet the evolving demands of consumers and stakeholders
Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Analysis on Thrust Vectoring of a Supersonic Micro Nozzle using Bypass Mass Injection
Converging diverging micro nozzle is fundamentally intended for flow
acceleration through the generation of kinetic energy for the advanced
micro-propulsion systems. Such supersonic micro nozzles have significant
applications in the launching, propulsion and rapid directional control of the
micro-satellites for a better maneuver. Micro scale analysis of such flow
devices is extended to the rarefied flow regime. Present study has addressed
thrust vectoring in a planar converging-diverging supersonic micro nozzle by
the bypass mass injection technique. Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)
method has been used for numerical modelling. Primary focus is given on the
thrust vectoring control of the micro nozzle with a throat height of 20 micro
meter and an expansion ratio of 1.7. For the secondary injection, a rectangular
channel of 5 different bypass widths (2 - 12 micro meter) is considered for two
different outlet pressures (Pout = 10 kPa and 40 kPa) while keeping the inlet
pressure (Pin) and temperature (Tin) fixed at 1 atm and 300 k respectively. The
physical behavior of the micro nozzle is acknowledged through the analysis of
Mach, pressure, temperature and density contours. Numerical results reveal that
the secondary flow injection is adapted into the primary flow through the
formation of a pressure bump in the diverging section. Moreover, the total mass
flow rate, secondary flow percentage, thrust force, the thrust coefficient and
specific impulse increase with the bypass channel width. A change in thrust
direction is obtained which in turn produces a considerable vectoring effect in
the supersonic micro nozzle. The vectoring angle for Pout of 40 kPa peaks at 6
micro meter bypass channel whereas a gradual increase of the vectoring angle
with the bypass channel width is observed for Pout = 10 kPa.Comment: Journal paper and it's under revie
CARDIOVASCULAR SAFETY PROFILE OF PIOGLITAZONE ALONG WITH VITAMIN E
The increase incidence of obesity. stress and aging in genetically predisposed population has lead to an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This led to the development of new drugs such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) which is a agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPARgamma).Pioglitazone is a TZD  have recently been identified for its severe cardiovasculara complication. Pioglitazone is oral hypoglycemic agent  which has been shown to be effective  by lowering insulin resistance.Due to its cardiovasculaqr risk factor it is combined with adjunct vitamin E,an antioxidant in the present study. The safety and efficacy of pioglitazone are increased several fold along with  vitamin E. Keywords: Vitamin E,Pioglitazone, PPARγ, diabete
Growth Of Gan Films On Gaas (100) Substrate By Rf-Sputtering And E-Beam Evaporation Techniques
Kajian ini menunjukkan penumbuhan lapisan gallium nitrida (GaN) ke atas substrat gallium arsenida (GaAs) berliang melalui kaedah percikan frekuensi radio dan penyejat alur elektron. Sebagai perbandingan, penumbuhan secara terus ke atas substrat GaAs dan lapisan penampan nitrida seperti aluminum nitrida (AlN) dan titanium nitrida (TiN). Pada peringkat pertama kajian ini, parameter yang sesuai untuk menghasilkan GaAs berliang yang berkualiti dengan ketumpatan dan taburan yang seragam telah diperolehi. Didapati bahawa keseragaman dan ketumpatan liang yang tinggi boleh dicapai dengan campuran larutan dimetilformamida (DMF) dan asid sulfurik (H2SO4) dengan kepekatan DMF 75% selama 10 minit, pada ketumpatan arus 250 mA/cm2. Pada peringkat seterusnya, lapisan GaN ditumbuhkan secara berasingan ke atas permukaan yang berbeza melalui percikan frekuensi radio dan penyejat alur elektron. Bukti pengikatan Ga-N di dalam lapisan GaN diperhatikan melalui pengukuran spektroskopi fotoelektron sinar-x (XPS).
This work studies the structure, morphology and optical properties of GaN layer grown on porous GaAs/GaAs substrate by radio frequency (RF) sputtering and electron beam (e-beam) evaporation. For comparison, the GaN layer was also grown directly on GaAs substrate and nitride based buffer layers, i.e. aluminum nitride (AlN) and titanium nitride (TiN). In the first part of this work, the best parameters used to obtain good quality porous GaAs on GaAs substrate with uniform distribution and density were determined. It was found that uniform distribution and high density of pores can be fabricated with a mixed solution of dimethylformamide (DMF) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) with 75% DMF concentration for 10 minutes, at a current density of 250 mA/cm2. In the next stage, the GaN layer was grown separately on different surfaces using RF-sputtering and e-beam evaporation. The evidence of Ga-N bondings inside the GaN layer was observed by XPS measurement
Monitoring System-Based Flying IoT in Public Health and Sports Using Ant-Enabled Energy-Aware Routing.
In recent decades, the Internet of flying networks has made significant progress. Several aerial vehicles communicate with one another to form flying ad hoc networks. Unmanned aerial vehicles perform a wide range of tasks that make life easier for humans. However, due to the high frequency of mobile flying vehicles, network problems such as packet loss, latency, and perhaps disrupted channel links arise, affecting data delivery. The use of UAV-enabled IoT in sports has changed the dynamics of tracking and working on player safety. WBAN can be merged with aerial vehicles to collect data regarding health and transfer it to a base station. Furthermore, the unbalanced energy usage of flying things will result in earlier mission failure and a rapid decline in network lifespan. This study describes the use of each UAV's residual energy level to ensure a high level of safety using an ant-based routing technique called AntHocNet. In health care, the use of IoT-assisted aerial vehicles would increase operational performance, surveillance, and automation optimization to provide a smart application of flying IoT. Apart from that, aerial vehicles can be used in remote communication for treatment, medical equipment distribution, and telementoring. While comparing routing algorithms, simulation findings indicate that the proposed ant-based routing protocol is optimal
Improvement of Porous GaAs (100) Structure through Electrochemical Etching Based on DMF Solution
We report on the fabrication of porous GaAs (100) using three different acids, H2SO4, HF, and HCl, diluted in DMF based solutions. The mixture of H2SO4 with DMF showed the best porous structures in comparison to other acids. The concentration of the DMF solution was then varied for a fixed concentration of H2SO4. It was apparent that the different concentration of the DMF solvent gave different types of morphology of the porous GaAs. Furthermore, a higher current density improved the uniformity of the pores distribution. The best porous GaAs exhibited well-defined circular shaped pores with high uniformity. To the best of our knowledge, such structure produced in such manner has never been reported so far. Finally, the optimum etching conditions of the pores were proposed
Influence Of Molarity And Time Of Potassium Hydroxide Etching On Al-Rich AlGaN Layer
This work will describe the influence of molarity and time of potassium hydroxide etching on Al-rich AlGaN layer. With potassium hydroxide (KOH) molarity of 5
mol/L, no significant change on the pores formation was observed for 5 and 10 minutes of etching. Nonetheless, there was a possibilty that some of the Ga atoms were eliminated for 10 minutes of etching, resulting in co-existance of AlGaN material with higher Al content.
Similar behaviour was also witnessed in the case for 10 mol/L of KOH with 5 and 10 minutes of etching. Nonetheless, well-defined hexagonal patterns were only formed when the etching was conducted using 10 mol/L of KOH for 10 minutes. Such patterns have the potential to
increase light extraction efficiency of UV LEDs
Effect Of Nucleation Time On GaN Layer Grown On Different Shape Of Patterned Sapphire Substrate
This work describes the effect of nucleation time on GaN layer; which was grown separately on three different shape of patterned sapphire substrate (PSS); cone PSS
and dome PSS. Prior to the GaN layer growth, a low temperature of GaN nucleation layer was initially grown at 40, 80 and 160 second. The nucleation islands became larger as the nucleation time was longer. Bigger islands promote better coalescence, while smaller islands
showed otherwise. Besides, the GaN layer grown on bigger islands exhibit smoother surface. From XRD measurement, FWHM of the GaN peak decreased for longer nucleation time, indicating the benefit of bigger islands to reduce the dislocations in the layer through better coalescence. It was found that the GaN layer grown on dome-patterned substrate exhibits better quality than the one on cone-patterned substrate. The growth of GaN layer on flat sapphire was also performed for comparison
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