Blood glucose and cholesterol levels in adult population of Bangladesh: Results from STEPS 2006 survey

Background: A nationally representative survey was carried out to determine the distribution of blood glucose and cholesterol in adult population of Bangladesh in the absence of existing data. Methods: The study adopted a multistage and geographically clustered sampling technique of households. A total of 2610 individuals (1444 men and 1166 women) aged 25–64 years were selected from rural and urban areas. Capillary blood glucose and total cholesterol levels were measured using an overnight fasting state. Results: The mean age of the participants was 41 years [standard deviation (SD), 11 years]. Half of them (49%) were from urban areas. Half of them (51%) had primary or higher education. Mean glucose was 74 mg/dL (SD 23 mg/dL). Men had higher mean glucose levels (79 mg/dL) than women (67 mg/dL). Age-standardized prevalence of diabetes (blood glucose level ≥126 mg/dL and/or use of anti-diabetic medication) was 5.5%. In men, it was almost two-and-half times (7.6%) compared with women (2.8%). It was also double in urban areas (7.8%) compared with rural areas (3.4%). Mean cholesterol level among all participants was 167 mg/dL (SD 26 mg/dL). Men and women had almost similar levels (169 mg/dL versus 166 mg/dL, respectively). Prevalence of high cholesterol level (≥240 mg/dL) was very low (1.3%) in both men (2.2%) and women (0.5%). However, the prevalence of borderline high cholesterol was substantial (5.8%) in this sample. Conclusion: The prevalence of high hypercholesterolemia is low, whereas there is a high prevalence of borderline high cholesterol and diabetes in the adult population of Bangladesh. This warrants population-based interventions to tackle this problem