One-dimensional thermodynamic model development for engine performance, combustion and emissions analysis using diesel and two paraffin fuels

A one-dimensional (1-D) thermodynamic model for engine performance, combustion and emissions using a regular diesel and two paraffin fuels (decane and dodecane) were developed using a GT-Suite simulation software. The engine performance, combustion and emission parameters for two paraffin fuels were analysed and compared with that of regular diesel. Thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption were considered for engine performance analysis. Amongst the combustion parameters, in-cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, maximum temperature, start of combustion, ignition delay, 50% burned crank angle, 50% burned duration, and volumetric efficiency and excess air ratio were taken into consideration for analysis. Finally, specific oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and specific soot emissions were considered for emission analysis. Based on the engine performance, combustion and emissions analysis of all three fuels, it was found that decane and dodecane can be used as alternative fuels for diesel engine. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Model development for performance analysis of a spark ignition engine fueled with propane and octane

© 2017 IEEE. The main objective of this study was to develop a model for performance analysis of a spark ignition engine fueled with propane and octane. GT-Suite software was used to develop the model for a single cylinder 4-stroke gasoline engine having a bore of 85 mm and a stroke of 85 mm with a capacity of 0.48 litres. A one-dimensional gas dynamics was considered for heat transfer model development for different engine components. Different sub models including flow in the intake and exhaust system, port fuel injection, throttle, combustion, heat and energy transfer were combined to produce different engine performance parameters. The model was run for 12 different rotational speeds ranging from 500 rpm to 6000 rpm at a wide open throttle position. The influence of compression ratio of 8 to 10 for the port fuel injection on different engine performance parameters was also investigated in this study. It was found that propane has a considerable potential to be an alternative fuel for a gasoline engine

Influence of second generation biodiesel on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters

The present study compares diesel engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters of three non-edible biodiesels blends and a reference diesel. The three biodiesel blends were prepared so as to keep the blend oxygen percentage at around 3.3 wt%. Considering the economy and availability, waste cooking and macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) biodiesels were chosen for all the engine experiments. A commercial diesel was used as a reference fuel to compare the performance and emissions with those of the biodiesel blends. To keep the oxygen percentage of the blends approximately the same as for the reference diesel, around 30% waste cooking biodiesel was added to 70% reference diesel to make the first blend. Similarly, around 30% macadamia biodiesel was mixed with 70% reference diesel to make the second blend. In addition, 10% macadamia biodiesel and 20% waste cooking biodiesel were mixed with the 70% reference diesel to make the third blend with similar oxygen content. The macadamia blend is designated as MaD, the waste cooking blend is termed WcD, and the blend with macadamia and waste cooking biodiesel is abbreviated as MaWcD. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the fuel-oxygen on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters. A well-instrumented, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, naturally aspirated direct injection (DI) diesel engine was used for the experiments. The engine was loaded and coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. Performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters for the three biodiesel blends were compared with those of the reference diesel. Without significant reduction in engine performance, a significant reduction in total unburnt hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) emissions with a penalty of increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were realised with all three biodiesel blends. © 2018 Elsevier Lt

Corrigendum to “Influence of second generation biodiesel on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters” [Energy Convers. Manage. 169 (2018) 326–333](S0196890418305430)(10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.066)

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd The authors regret Original Fig. 11 caption was “Fig. 11. Variations of exergetic efficiency with four fuels”, which needs to be changed to “Fig. 11. Variations of in-cylinder pressure with four fuels.” Original Fig. 12 caption was “Fig. 12. Variations of exergetic efficiency with four fuels”, which needs to be changed to “Fig. 12. Variations of RoHR with four fuels.” The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused

Harnessing energy from Australian dairy waste: Utilizing five methodologies

As dairy industries increase across Australia, the amount of dairy waste is also on the rise. Australia annually production stands at around 377 727 t of cheese, 273 425 t of milk powder and 92 698 t of butter, and it is the third largest exporter of milk. The waste produced by these industries is considered a potentially valuable resource, and an environmental pollutant if not appropriately managed. The focus of this review is to evaluate the potential of converting typical Australian dairy industry waste into sustainable energy. Five fundamental methods including transesterification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, steam reforming, and hydrothermal carbonization are discussed. Their technological merits, demerits and adaptability from the perspective of Australia are examined. The properties of representative wastes are also considered for the different energy conversion processes. This review aims to highlight the potential use of dairy industry wastes as feedstock for the emerging renewable energy sector. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Modelling and simulation of performance and combustion characteristics of diesel engine

The main objective of this study was to develop a thermodynamic model to analyse engine performance and combustion behavior of a single cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The model was developed with a commercial GT-Power software. Various sub-models for different systems including intake, exhaust, fuel injection, combustion, and heat transfer rate were combined for thermodynamic analysis of engine performance and combustion behaviour. The engine rotational speed, start of injection timing and compression ratio were considered as variables. The engine rotational speeds were varied from 800 rpm to 2500 rpm, the start of injection timings was ranged from 15o crank angle (CA) before top dead centre (bTDC) to 15o CA after top dead centre (aTDC), and the compression ratios were changed from 13 to 25. Performance parameters such as indicated and brake power, brake thermal efficiency, friction, etc. and combustion parameters such as heat transfer rate and in-cylinder pressure are analysed at different engine rotational speed, injection timing, and compression ratio, and discussed accordingly. The optimum performance such as BTE, BT and BMEP were found at the engine speed of 1700 rpm, a start of injection timing of 10o bTDC, and a compression ratio of 20. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Influence of diglyme addition to diesel-biodiesel blends on notable reductions of particulate matter and number emissions

Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM), also known as diglyme, has a very high cetane number with fuel-bound oxygen of up to 36%, it has strong potential to reduce diesel emissions. This work is an investigation of the turbocharged diesel engine's emissions and performance parameters using coconut biodiesel-diglyme-diesel blends. Coconut biodiesel was used as an oxygenated fuel, while DGM was utilised as an oxygenated additive for its excellent cetane number and higher fuel-bound oxygen. The reason for adding diglyme to coconut biodiesel blends is to study the influence of cetane number and fuel-bound oxygen on performance, combustion and emission characteristics. There were five fuels tested in this study. To compare the performance, combustion and emissions data, a regular diesel was used as a base fuel. The neat diesel (100% diesel) and the neat coconut biodiesel (100% coconut biodiesel) were designated as diesel and Ox4 respectively. Blend of 70% diesel + 30% coconut biodiesel is abbreviated as Ox1, 70% diesel + 20% coconut biodiesel + 10% diglyme blend is abbreviated as Ox2, and 70% diesel + 10% coconut biodiesel + 20% diglyme blend is labelled as Ox3. All blending percentages were based on a volume basis. Engine experiments were performed with an unmodified Cummins 6-cylinder common rail diesel engine. The engine was fitted with precision measuring instruments. Using GT-Power, a one-dimensional (1-D) model was developed to examine some key performance parameters with those of experimental data. Most of the performance results show the variations between experimental and simulation data were within 10%. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Energy and exergy analyses of a flat plate solar collector using various nanofluids: An analytical approach

Energy and exergy (EnE) efficiencies are considered the most important parameters to compare the performance of various thermal systems. In this paper, an analysis was carried out for EnE efficiencies of a flat plate solar collector (FPSC) using four different kinds of nanofluids as flowing mediums, namely, Al2O3/water, MgO/water, TiO2/water, and CuO/water, and compared with water as a flowing medium (traditional base fluid). The analysis considered nanofluids made of nanomaterials’ volume fractions of 1–4% with water. The volume flow rates of nanofluids and water were 1 to 4 L/min. The solar collector′s highest EnE efficiency values were obtained for CuO/water nanofluid among the four types of nanofluids mentioned above. The EnE efficiencies of the CuO nanofluid‐operated solar collector were 38.21% and 34.06%, respectively, which is significantly higher than that of water‐operated solar collectors. For the same volume flow rate, the mass flow rate was found to be 15.95% higher than water for the CuO nanofluid. The EnE efficiency of FPSC can also be increased by increasing the density and reducing the specific heat of the flowing medium

Investigation of diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions of microalgae fuel components in a turbocharged diesel engine

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for alternative fuel for compression ignition engines due to their positive contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae are gaining significant interest as they can produce more oil than any oilseed plants. Unlike some other plant oils, the use of microalgae as an alternative to fossil fuels, can overcome food versus fuel conflict. In the current investigation, five different chemical components of microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrude paraffin, xylene, cyclo-pentanone, dioctyl-phthalate and butanol were mixed in equal volumes. Commercial diesel fuel was used as a reference fuel. The first blend consisted of 5 vol% of each of the 5 components was mixed with 75 vol% diesel. The blend is called as B1. The second blend consisted of 10 vol% of each of the 5 components was mixed with 50 vol% of diesel. This blend is called B2. The neat diesel (100% pure diesel) is called as 100D. The engine used in this study was a six-cylinder high-pressure common rail direct injection diesel engine fitted with a turbocharger. This study deals with engine performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics comparing diesel, B1 and B2 blends. The experimental results indicated a general reduction in both particle mass (PM) and total particle number (PN) emissions with both blends compared to those of diesel. Increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions at all four engine loads were found with both B1 and B2 blends. It was realised that the drop or rise of emissions was mainly a function of fuel-bound oxygen. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

The influence of Fischer–Tropsch-biodiesel–diesel blends on energy and exergy parameters in a six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine

This investigation explores the influence of oxygenated fuels on different energy and exergy parameters first and the second law of thermodynamics. The parameters were estimated based on the experimental data using thermodynamic Equations. Due to similar fuel properties to diesel, a Fischer–Tropsch fuel (FT100) was used as a base fuel (reference fuel) in the current investigation. Three biodiesel blends were prepared with Fischer–Tropsch fuel. Non-edible Jatropha biodiesel (Jatropha curcas) was selected to avoid food versus fuel conflict. All blends were prepared on a volumetric basis. The first blend was prepared using 25% of biodiesel and 75% of Fischer–Tropsch fuel and termed as B25. The second blend was made with 50% biodiesel and 50% Fischer–Tropsch fuel and designated as B50. The third and the final blend was formulated with 75% biodiesel and 25% Fischer–Tropsch fuel and abbreviated as B75. The three blends were also termed as oxygenated blends as they contain 3 wt%, 5.9 wt% and 8.7 wt%, respectively oxygen content in their molecule. Neat biodiesel (B100) was not targeted in this investigation. A new parameter “oxygen ratio” was used to make a correlation between different energy and exergy parameters with oxygen ratio. Instead of showing different energy and exergy parameters against equivalence ratio or excess air ratio, for better understanding, it is worth showing those parameters with oxygen ratio as all blends are inherently oxygenated. The results show almost insignificant variations in different parameters with the three oxygenated blends when compared to those of the FT100