Chemical control of ufra disease of rice: a simple profitability analysis

Multiple field trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of Furataf 5G, Arodhan 5G and Biestern 5G @ 1.0 kg a.i/ha with standard check, Furadan 5G in two ecosystems and three seasons viz. November to April irrigated ecosystem (Boro), April to July (Transplanted Aus) and July to October (Transplanted Aman) rain-fed lowland ecosystems during 1995 to 1997. All the test chemicals are effective to control the ufra disease of rice and increased yield in comparison with Furadan 5G. In respect of all seasons, Furataf 5G, Arodhan 5G, Biestern 5G increased yield recovery 2.29- 4.15, 2.59-3.40 and 3.06-3.86 t/ha in three rice genotypes respectively, which was more or loss similar to Furadan 5G (3.09-3.65 t/ha). Yield reduces due to ufra disease was 79.48% in T. Aman, while it was 93.88% and 89.11% in T. Aus and Boro rice. Application of Furataf 5G, Arodhan 5G, Biestern 5G and Furadan 5G showed 14.44-15.74, 10.09-14.31 and 12.45 -14.92 times profitable in case of T. Aus, T. Aman and Boro respectively over the control (Diseased). Simple economic analysis also revealed that ufra control with the use of three chemicals in soil treatments is profitable. Thus three chemicals may also be used as alternative to Furadan 5G

A 7 year old girl with anemia and massive hepatosplenomegaly

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:A 7 year old girl reported to the child outpatient department of a military hospital in Chittagong (South-East part of Bangladesh) Cantonment with the complaints of generalized weakness, loss of appe-tite, gradual distention of the abdomen and weight loss. The child was reasonably well and performing all her daily activities at her own 1 year before. She was also going to the school regularly and was worried when her parents noticed the distension of her abdomen and reluctant to take food adequately. The child also developed weakness and witnessed weight loss. At that time, there was no history of fever, jaundice, vomiting, hematemesis and melena

Magnetic-Mixed Convection in Nanofluid-Filled Cavity Containing Baffles and Rotating Hollow-Cylinders with Roughness Components

Mixed convective heat transfer in a nanofluid-filled lid-driven square cavity equipped with a rotating cylinder, horizontal baffles, and an external magnetic field is numerically examined in this study. A cylinder with triangular components is set at the centre of the cavity while two horizontal baffles are fixed to its vertical walls. The cavity is under the impact of the external magnetic field. Modified Maxwell’s model is taken into consideration to estimate the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Galerkin FEM is applied to simulate nondimensional governing equations. The computations are carried out for specific ranges of physical parameters, and the results are illustrated through streamlines, isotherms, and average Nusselt number bar charts. Contours plotting indicate that flow circulation and distribution of temperature are significantly affected by the speed of a rotating rough cylinder. The fluid velocity remarkably increases with an increase in speed ratio and Reynolds number but it declines with Hartmann number, baffle length, and volume fraction. Heat transfer rate is substantially augmented by increasing the rotational speed of the rough cylinder, heights of triangular components, and suspended-nanoparticles which are also optimized for increasing baffle’s length and its horizontal arrangement. The findings of this investigation can be applied to improve the cooling efficiency of engineering equipment such as heat exchangers, energy storage systems, electronic equipment, solar collectors, and nuclear reactor safety devices

A 7 year old girl with anemia and massive hepatosplenomegaly

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 7 year old girl reported to the child outpatient department of a military hospital in Chittagong (South-East part of Bangladesh) Cantonment with the complaints of generalized weakness, loss of appe-tite, gradual distention of the abdomen and weight loss. The child was reasonably well and performing all her daily activities at her own 1 year before. She was also going to the school regularly and was worried when her parents noticed the distension of her abdomen and reluctant to take food adequately. The child also developed weakness and witnessed weight loss. At that time, there was no history of fever, jaundice, vomiting, hematemesis and melena

A 7 year old girl with anemia and massive hepatosplenomegaly

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 7 year old girl reported to the child outpatient department of a military hospital in Chittagong (South-East part of Bangladesh) Cantonment with the complaints of generalized weakness, loss of appe-tite, gradual distention of the abdomen and weight loss. The child was reasonably well and performing all her daily activities at her own 1 year before. She was also going to the school regularly and was worried when her parents noticed the distension of her abdomen and reluctant to take food adequately. The child also developed weakness and witnessed weight loss. At that time, there was no history of fever, jaundice, vomiting, hematemesis and melena

Initial Neurologic Symptoms Among Bangladeshi Multiple Sclerosis Patients

This study was undertaken in th

Effect of water, sanitation, handwashing and nutrition interventions on enteropathogens in children 14 months old: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.

BackgroundWe evaluated the impact of low-cost water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and child nutrition interventions on enteropathogen carriage in the WASH Benefits cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.MethodsWe analyzed 1411 routine fecal samples from children 14±2 months old in the WSH (n = 369), nutrition counseling plus lipid-based nutrient supplement (n = 353), nutrition plus WSH (n = 360), and control (n = 329) arms for 34 enteropathogens using quantitative PCR. Outcomes included the number of co-occurring pathogens; cumulative quantity of four stunting-associated pathogens; and prevalence and quantity of individual pathogens. Masked analysis was by intention-to-treat.Results326 (99.1%) control children had one or more enteropathogens detected (mean 3.8±1.8). Children receiving WSH interventions had lower prevalence and quantity of individual viruses than controls (prevalence difference for norovirus: -11% [95% confidence interval [CI], -5 to -17%]; sapovirus: -9% [95%CI, -3 to -15%]; and adenovirus 40/41: -9% [95%CI, -2 to - 15%]). There was no difference in bacteria, parasites, or cumulative quantity of stunting-associated pathogens between controls and any intervention arm.ConclusionsWSH interventions were associated with fewer enteric viruses in children aged 14 months. Different strategies are needed to reduce enteric bacteria and parasites at this critical young age

Effect of water, sanitation, handwashing and nutrition interventions on enteropathogens in children 14 months old: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.

We evaluated the impact of low-cost water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and child nutrition interventions on enteropathogen carriage in the WASH Benefits cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh. We analyzed 1411 routine fecal samples from children 14±2 months old in the WSH (n = 369), nutrition counseling plus lipid-based nutrient supplement (n = 353), nutrition plus WSH (n = 360), and control (n = 329) arms for 34 enteropathogens using quantitative PCR. Outcomes included the number of co-occurring pathogens; cumulative quantity of four stunting-associated pathogens; and prevalence and quantity of individual pathogens. Masked analysis was by intention-to-treat. 326 (99.1%) control children had one or more enteropathogens detected (mean 3.8±1.8). Children receiving WSH interventions had lower prevalence and quantity of individual viruses than controls (prevalence difference for norovirus: -11% [95% confidence interval [CI], -5 to -17%]; sapovirus: -9% [95%CI, -3 to -15%]; and adenovirus 40/41: -9% [95%CI, -2 to - 15%]). There was no difference in bacteria, parasites, or cumulative quantity of stunting-associated pathogens between controls and any intervention arm. WSH interventions were associated with fewer enteric viruses in children aged 14 months. Different strategies are needed to reduce enteric bacteria and parasites at this critical young age

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.Funding: the Tri-I Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (CBM) funded by NIH grant 1T32GM083937; GitHub; Philip Blood and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1548562 and NSF award number ACI-1445606; NASA (NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G), the NIH (R01AI151059, R25EB020393, R21AI129851, R35GM138152, U01DA053941); STARR Foundation (I13- 0052); LLS (MCL7001-18, LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL7001-18); the NSF (1840275); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151054); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964); Swiss National Science Foundation grant number 407540_167331; NIH award number UL1TR000457; the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Stockholm Health Authority grant SLL 20160933; the Institut Pasteur Korea; an NRF Korea grant (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074645, 2017M3A9G6068246); the CONICYT Fondecyt Iniciación grants 11140666 and 11160905; Keio University Funds for Individual Research; funds from the Yamagata prefectural government and the city of Tsuruoka; JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K10436; the bilateral AT-UA collaboration fund (WTZ:UA 02/2019; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, UA:M/84-2019, M/126-2020); Kyiv Academic Univeristy; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine project numbers 0118U100290 and 0120U101734; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017; the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the CRG-Novartis-Africa mobility program 2016; research funds from National Cheng Kung University and the Ministry of Science and Technology; Taiwan (MOST grant number 106-2321-B-006-016); we thank all the volunteers who made sampling NYC possible, Minciencias (project no. 639677758300), CNPq (EDN - 309973/2015-5), the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science – MOE, ECNU, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through project 11215017, National Key RD Project of China (2018YFE0201603), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) (L.S.