37,203 research outputs found
Outcome of rehabilitation for neurobehavioural disorders
<p>BACKGROUND: The evidence base on neurobehavioural disorders and their rehabilitation has been growing for four decades.
Over that time understanding of the need for effective interventions for a range of handicaps in personal, interpersonal and employment
spheres has developed. There is a continuing need to demonstrate whether interventions, are effective and cost-sensitive.
Moreover, in pursuing effectiveness, clinicians need to be able to predict which individuals are likely to benefit from a programme
and here, clinical experience needs to be informed by research evidence.</p>
<p>OBJECTIVE: To review the outcome of rehabilitation for neurobehavioural disorders.</p>
<p>METHODS: This review initially considers the background to neurobehavioural rehabilitation and discusses methodological
issues. It reviews the evidence for neurobehavioural interventions for severe head injury with emphasis on holistic models of care,
behavioural treatments, interventions in non-specialist settings and for emotion perception and self-awareness.</p>
<p>RESULTS: In general, there is a need for further high quality studies with longer follow-ups and evidence for generalisation in
the community. However, there is a growing consensus that intensive holistic rehabilitation programmes can improve community
reintegration and self-efficacy. For behaviour disturbance the evidence base largely comprises studies with weaker (single group or
single case) designs. Overall studies here provide limited evidence in support of behavioural approaches for externalised behaviour
such as aggression. Further RCT or group comparison studies are needed. In terms of negative behaviours such as apathy, there are
few studies on head injury and conclusions cannot be made with confidence. Self awareness is a key issue associated with good
outcome in general and research to date supports use of interventions that focus in on-task behaviour and education. The correct
perception of emotions in others is a precursor to successful social interaction, and here there is very little evidence although early
studies are encouraging.</p>
<p>CONCLUSION: There is mounting evidence to support the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for neurobehavioural
disorders. Successful outcomes are often associated with intensive and prolonged interventions involving
multidisciplinary working.</p>
The Constitution of Social Practices
Practices – specific, recurrent types of human action and activity – are perhaps the most fundamental "building blocks" of social reality. This book argues that the detailed empirical study of practices is essential to effective social-scientific inquiry. It develops a philosophical infrastructure for understanding human practices, and argues that practice theory should be the analytical centrepiece of social theory and the philosophy of the social sciences.
What would social scientists’ research look like if they took these insights seriously? To answer this question, the book offers an analytical framework to guide empirical research on practices in different times and places. The author explores how practices can be identified, characterised and explained, how they function in concrete contexts and how they might change over time and space.
The Constitution of Social Practices lies at the intersection of philosophy, social theory, cultural theory and the social sciences. It is essential reading for scholars in social theory and the philosophy of social science, as well as the broad range of researchers and students across the social sciences and humanities whose work stands to benefit from serious consideration of practices
Susan Ferrier's marriage and Inveraray
The article discusses the various ways in which Susan Ferrier incorporates her experiences with the people and buildings of Inveraray Castle into her first novel Marriage
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