13 research outputs found

    United States Business Immigration Manual

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    [Excerpt] This Manual provides a general overview of: (i) the types of U.S. visas most commonly used by employers; (ii) methods for obtaining permanent residence through employer sponsorship; and (iii) important employer responsibilities under U.S. immigration law. This Manual is not intended to be exhaustive, as U.S. immigration laws and policies are constantly changing. As we go to press, the content of this publication is accurate

    Bioactivation of Trimethoprim to Protein-Reactive Metabolites in Human Liver Microsomes

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    ABSTRACT The formation of drug-protein adducts via metabolic activation and covalent binding may stimulate an immune response or may result in direct cell toxicity. Protein covalent binding is a potentially pivotal step in the development of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs). Trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a combination antibiotic that commonly causes IADRs. Recent data suggest that the contribution of the TMP component of TMP-SMX to IADRs may be underappreciated. We previously demonstrated that TMP is bioactivated to chemically reactive intermediates that can be trapped in vitro by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and we have detected TMP-NAC adducts (i.e., mercapturic acids) in the urine of patients taking TMP-SMX. However, the occurrence and extent of TMP covalent binding to proteins was unknown
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