An avionics sensitivity study. Volume 1: Operational considerations

Equipment and operational concepts affecting aircraft in the terminal area are reported. Curved approach applications and modified climb and descent procedures for minimum fuel consumption are considered. The curved approach study involves the application of MLS guidance to enable execution of the current visual approach to Washington National Airport under instrument flight conditions. The operational significance and the flight path control requirements involved in the application of curved approach paths to this situation are considered. Alternative flight path control regimes are considered to achieve minimum fuel consumption subject to constraints related to air traffic control requirements, flight crew and passenger reactions, and airframe and powerplant limitations

What happens to the soil organic matter if I till long-term no-till?

Non-Peer ReviewedThe long-term practice of no-till (low-disturbance direct seeding) is an effective method to increase the soil organic matter (SOM) content of the soil. If that increased soil organic matter is traded as an offset for greenhouse-gas emissions, then we need to know what happens to SOM if, for whatever reason, the soil is tilled. The results in southwestern Saskatchewan indicated that if the land is cropped, there is evidence of large losses of SOM from single tillage on long-term (13-yr) no-till on sandy loam soil but little loss of SOM on a loam and clay soil from single tillage of long-term (23-yr and 13-yr) no-till. However, if the land was summerfallowed, there were large losses of SOM. As the pioneers discovered when they broke the land, we also found that the faster the SOM is decreased, the greater the release of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), from SOM. Through this release of N, summerfallow on long-term continuously cropped notill increased the release of the potent greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O)

The transferome of metabolic genes explored: analysis of the horizontal transfer of enzyme encoding genes in unicellular eukaryotes

Metabolic network analysis in multiple eukaryotes identifies how horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer of metabolic enzyme-encoding genes leads to functional gene gain during evolution

SBND: Status of the Fermilab Short-Baseline Near Detector

SBND (Short-Baseline Near Detector) will be a 112 ton liquid argon TPC neutrino detector located 110m from the target of the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam. SBND, together with the MicroBooNE and ICARUS-T600 detectors at 470m and 600m, respectively, make up the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. SBN will search for new physics in the neutrino sector by testing the sterile neutrino hypothesis in the 1 eV 2 mass-squared region with unrivaled sensitivity. SBND will measure the un-oscillated beam flavor composition to enable precision searches for neutrino oscillations via both electron neutrino appearance and muon neutrino disappearance in the far detectors. With a data sample of millions of neutrino interactions (both electron and muon neutrinos), SBND will also perform detailed studies of the physics of neutrino-argon interactions, even in rare channels. In addition, SBND plays an important role in an on-going R & D effort within neutrino physics to develop the LArTPC technology toward many-kiloton-scale detectors for next generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. The design details and current status of the detector is presented here