Municipal Utilities: An Overview Of Rate Models, Sustainability And The Effects On Affordability

Municipalities are faced with escalating costs, harder to find resources, and increasing regulatory restrictions in an effort to maintain public utilities.  To complicate this situation, communities must address a growing number of individuals who are unable to pay their utility bill.  This study is a review of several water utilities in Florida to determine how typical municipal utilities approaches affordability. Factors affecting utilities such as sustainability, rate models, and regulations are examined to the present methodology for an average municipality in addressing the increasing important issue of affordability.  This research is a continuation of a longitudinal study to determine how municipalities address increasing costs to maintain their utility while considering those in the community who are less fortunate and cannot continue to absorb the higher costs of water and wastewater

Water Crisis In Flint Michigan – A Case Study: Water Crisis In Flint Michigan – A Case Study

This case study is designed to provide detailed information about the water crisis in Flint, Michigan brought on by a series of decisions that could have been researched better prior to enactment. The results were catastrophic to the citizens that public officials were sworn to protect. This case study will provide university classes with information to use while analyzing the causes and decisions that lead to the Flint Water Crisis. This study is not designed to provide all information, but to supplement class research in order to determine what happened and what should have happened. Available research offers numerous issues and plenty of blame, but no definitive answers