1,128 research outputs found
Emergence of Kinetic Behavior in Streaming Ultracold Neutral Plasmas
We create streaming ultracold neutral plasmas by tailoring the photoionizing
laser beam that creates the plasma. By varying the electron temperature, we
control the relative velocity of the streaming populations, and, in conjunction
with variation of the plasma density, this controls the ion collisionality of
the colliding streams. Laser-induced fluorescence is used to map the spatially
resolved density and velocity distribution function for the ions. We identify
the lack of local thermal equilibrium and distinct populations of
interpenetrating, counter-streaming ions as signatures of kinetic behavior.
Experimental data is compared with results from a one-dimensional, two-fluid
numerical simulation.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
The Development of a Federal CISG Common Law in U.S. Courts: Patterns of Interpretation and Citation
The Development of a Federal CISG Common Law in U.S. Courts: Patterns of Interpretation and Citation
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