1,128 research outputs found

    The Tarnished Splendor of Autonomy

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    Emergence of Kinetic Behavior in Streaming Ultracold Neutral Plasmas

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    We create streaming ultracold neutral plasmas by tailoring the photoionizing laser beam that creates the plasma. By varying the electron temperature, we control the relative velocity of the streaming populations, and, in conjunction with variation of the plasma density, this controls the ion collisionality of the colliding streams. Laser-induced fluorescence is used to map the spatially resolved density and velocity distribution function for the ions. We identify the lack of local thermal equilibrium and distinct populations of interpenetrating, counter-streaming ions as signatures of kinetic behavior. Experimental data is compared with results from a one-dimensional, two-fluid numerical simulation.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

    The Development of a Federal CISG Common Law in U.S. Courts: Patterns of Interpretation and Citation

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    The Development of a Federal CISG Common Law in U.S. Courts: Patterns of Interpretation and Citation

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    An Assessment of Theoretical Frameworks for Learning Systems Research

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