Deformation and Recrystallization Behavior of the Cast Structure in Large Size, High Strength Steel Ingots: Experimentation and Modeling

Constitutive modeling of the ingot breakdown process of large size ingots of high strength steel was carried out through comprehensive thermomechanical processing using Gleeble 3800® thermomechanical simulator, finite element modeling (FEM), optical and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). For this purpose, hot compression tests in the range of 1473 K to 1323 K (1200 °C to 1050 °C) and strain rates of 0.25 to 2 s−1 were carried out. The stress-strain curves describing the deformation behavior of the dendritic microstructure of the cast ingot were analyzed in terms of the Arrhenius and Hansel-Spittel models which were implemented in Forge NxT 1.0® FEM software. The results indicated that the Arrhenius model was more reliable in predicting microstructure evolution of the as-cast structure during ingot breakdown, particularly the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process which was a vital parameter in estimating the optimum loads for forming of large size components. The accuracy and reliability of both models were compared in terms of correlation coefficient (R) and the average absolute relative error (ARRE)

Effect of purity levels on the high-temperature deformation characteristics of severely deformed titanium

In the present investigation, high-temperature compression tests were conducted at strain rates of 0.001 to 0.1 s−1 and at temperatures of 873 K to 1173 K (600 °C to 900 °C) in order to study the hot deformation characteristics and dynamic softening mechanisms of two different grades of commercial purity titanium after severe plastic deformation. It was observed that the effects of deformation rate and temperature are significant on obtained flow stress curves of both grades. Higher compressive strength exhibited by grade 2 titanium at relatively lower deformation temperatures was attributed to the grain boundary characteristics in relation with its lower processing temperature. However, severely deformed grade 4 titanium demonstrated higher compressive strength at relatively higher deformation temperatures (above 800 °C) due to suppressed grain growth via oxygen segregation limiting grain boundary motion. Constitutive equations were established to model the flow behavior, and the validity of the predictions was demonstrated with decent agreement accompanied by average error levels less than 5 pct for all the deformation conditions.TÜBİTA