Effects of Willow Overstory on Planted Seedlings in a Bottomland Restoration

Various treatments were applied to control overstory willow in the riparian area of the Pen Branch system in order to determine the effects of competition control on seedling survival and growth. Four species, bald cypress, water tupelo, green ash, and swamp chestnut oak, were planted under four levels of willow canopy (intact, 60% removal, 100% removal with herbicide, 100% with mechanical). Species were more important in determining survival than treatment. Bald cypress and green ash survived best. The willow canopy appeared to provide minor benefits during the first two years