239 research outputs found
Disability, partnership and parenting
Partnerships and parenthood can have important effects on economic, social and psychological well-being. We provide new long-term analysis of how disability affects both parental status and partnerships. Analysis of the new Life Opportunities Survey, which is based on social model approaches, demonstrates that disabled people are more likely than non-disabled people to face disadvantages in terms of family formation. Disabled people are more likely to remain single over time, although there is less evidence for any differences in rates of relationship breakdown for those who enter them. Allied to these conclusions, disabled adults are less likely to form households where there are dependent children. These conclusions are supported by longitudinal results from the British Household Panel Survey. © 2013 © 2013 Taylor & Francis
Work: attitudes and experiences of work in a changing labour market
The labour market has seen various changes since the 1980s, with greater numbers now
in employment, and a higher proportion of graduates in the population as a whole. The UK
is still recovering from the financial crisis of 2008 and the recession that followed. Against
this backdrop of a shifting labour market, our chapter asks how attitudes to work, and
experiences of it, have changed
Family structure and poverty in the UK: an evidence and policy review
A report of research into links between family structure and poverty, conducted for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation
Everyone loves select committees these days, but have they really changed?
The Wright reforms have been widely credited with reinvigorating select committees. Stephen Bates, Mark Goodwin (University of Birmingham) and Steve McKay (University of Lincoln) take issue with this assumption. They found the reforms have made little or no difference to MP turnover and attendance, which are driven by the parliamentary cycle. When MPs are jostling for payroll vote positions and trying to keep up with constituency duties and votes in the Chamber, select committees are likely to suffer
Parliamentary select committees: are elected chairs the key to their success?
Analysis of changes to House of Commons Select Committees
Elected chairs do not seem to have brought a new kind of parliamentarian to select committees
The Wright reforms have been widely credited with revitalising Parliamentary Select Committees. However, drawing on their research, Mark Goodwin, Stephen Bates and Steve McKay question whether the reforms have improved rates of turnover, attendance or gender balance. They write that commentators and MPs should avoid complacency in assuming that the reforms are a sufficiently powerful mechanism to drive improvement
Evaluating approaches to Family Resources Survey data
This report provides an investigation into evaluating approaches to linking Family Resources Survey
(FRS) with Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) administrative data. The FRS has two important
functions which are to support the production of key statistics such as Households Below Average
Income (HBAI), and as a dataset that is available for use by both Government policy analysts and
external researchers
Short-term Osteoclastic Activity Induced by Locally High Concentrations of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein–2 in a Cancellous Bone Environment
Study Design. An experimental study investigating osteoclastic activity induced by rhBMP-2 in sheep.
Objective. To examine the effects of increasing local rhBMP-2 concentration on osteoclastic response and peri-implant bone resorption.
Summary of Background Data. Level I clinical studies have established the safe and effective volume and concentration of rhBMP-2 delivered on an absorbable collagen sponge. However, peri-implant bone resorption appearing as decreased mineral density has been observed radiographically in rare instances after implantation of rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS).
Methods. Bilateral corticocancellous defects were created in the distal femora of 30 adult sheep. Combinations of rhBMP-2/ACS implant volume (V) (1V = normal fill or 2V = overfilled) and rhBMP-2 solution concentration (⤫) (1 ⤫ normal concentration or 3.5 ⤫ = hyperconcentrated) resulted in local rhBMP-2 concentrations of 0⤫, 1⤫, 2⤫, 3.5⤫, and 7⤫ the estimated effective concentration for this model. Faxitron radiography, quantitative CT, histology, and quantitative
histomorphometry were conducted in a blinded fashion to analyze the effect of the treatments.
Results. At 1 week, the normal fill-normal concentration implants (1⤫) produced the least transient osteoclastic activity resulting in limited peri-implant resorption. Overfilledhyperconcentrated implants (2⤫, 3.5⤫) demonstrated moderate resorption zones. Overfilled-hyperconcentrated implants (7⤫) demonstrated extensive osteoclastic activity and marked resorption. Results at 4 and 8 weeks revealed dense osteoid and bone in the voids with progressive bony healing. Control defects showed no osteoclastic activity with little to no bony healing.
Conclusion. Increasing the local rhBMP-2 concentration by overfilling the defect with rhBMP-2/ACS or hyper-concentrating the rhBMP-2 solution on the absorbable collagen sponge led to a concentration-dependent osteoclastic resorption of peri-implant bone. The osteoclastic effect was transient, and progressive healing took place over the 8-week survival period
Shape exploration in design : formalising and supporting a transformational process
The process of sketching can support the sort of transformational thinking that is seen as essential for the interpretation and reinterpretation of ideas in innovative design. Such transformational thinking, however, is not yet well supported by computer-aided design systems. In this paper, outcomes of experimental investigations into the mechanics of sketching are described, in particular those employed by practising architects and industrial designers as they responded to a series of conceptual design tasks,. Analyses of the experimental data suggest that the interactions of designers with their sketches can be formalised according to a finite number of generalised shape rules. A set of shape rules, formalising the reinterpretation and transformations of shapes, e.g. through deformation or restructuring, are presented. These rules are suggestive of the manipulations that need to be afforded in computational tools intended to support designers in design exploration. Accordingly, the results of the experimental investigations informed the development of a prototype shape synthesis system, and a discussion is presented in which the future requirements of such systems are explored
The marketisation of charities in England and Wales
Much has been written about the reasons for and impact of marketisation on charities, their clients, and wider civil society. A central component of the marketisation thesis is that charities are substituting grants and donations with commercial revenue. However, there is no consensus in the existing literature as to whether the two sources of revenue are substitutes or complementary. This paper shows that between 2003 and 2007 there was a significant increase in the proportion of overall revenue attracted from commercial sources by charities in England and Wales. Using our preferred generalised method of moments estimation model we show that the annual persistence of commercial revenue overtime was 44% . In particular, a +10% change in grants and donations was associated with a -3.1% change in commercial revenue
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