Moving Beyond Gender Stereotypes: Reinterpreting Female Celtic Statues from Entremont, France

In the field of archaeology, male bias has been prevalent in both theory and practice. Female Celtic statues from Entremont, France are an example of how this bias can negatively affect the study of past peoples. Male archaeologists who have excavated or studied the site of Entremont have given little attention to the female statues found on the site, despite being a unique find. The few interpretations that they did provide were sexist, and the female statues were treated as secondary to male statues, reflecting the perceived inferiority of women to men in ancient societies. This can lead to not only incomplete but also likely incorrect narratives of the lives of Celtic women from Entremont and the larger Celtic world. The goals of this paper are to address these biases, and work beyond them in order to provide a more holistic perspective on Celtic women and their roles within society

The Tokugawa Samurai: Values & Lifestyle Transition

The Tokugawa period of Japan was a time of great prosperity but also great strife among the social classes. Of the most affected peoples of the Japanese feudal system was the samurai, who had so long been at the center of military and even political power. For hundreds of years, these highly revered peoples had lived a consistent life based off of virtues passed on through a code, and have also lived comfortable lives due to special powers that were reserved for them. However, with a lack of warfare and increasing Western influence on the political, social, and military system of Japan during the end of the Tokugawa Period, the samurai struggled to maintain significant power in their society as did they did in earlier eras. This slow decline in power that they faced, and a lessening focus on weaponry for fighting, indicated the transition that the samurai made from an elite warrior to a non-militaristic member of society . [excerpt