St. Gallen, Stiftsbiblioothek MS 9: Tobit, Judith, Esther; Canticles; Biblical glossary

446. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 9 Tobit, Judith, Esther; Canticles; Biblical glossary [Ker App. 24; Gneuss -] HISTORY: A later 9c composite in three parts, probably written in the Benedictine abbey of St. Gall, though the third part has been associated also with Reichenau (Dietz 2001: 150), consisting of (1) Tobit, Judith, Esther, pp. 1-247, this part mentioned in the 9c St. Gall catalogue in Saint Gall 728, p. 5/16, 'Tobias. iudith. hester. in codice .i: (cf. facs. in e-codices, ed. Lehmann 1918: 72), (2) Canticles, pp. 248-263, (3) a Latin-OHG biblical glossary to the Old Testament, Genesis-3 Kings (with some residual OE glosses to Leviticus), plus Sapientia-Ecclesiasticus, pp. 264-319. [Note: There are 178 OHG glosses (Bergmann 2003: 42) in contemporary Alemannic dialect with Frankish and east-Frankish elements (Wich-Reif 2001: 275). On the OE in the glossary cf. Schroter 1926: 10, who refers to p. 276b/7 'felefor: p. 277a/5 'uuald falcho: and Ker Cat. p. 480, who refers to p. 276b/3-4 'saxonice meum'; these are pr. Steinmeyer and Sievers 1879-1922: 1.342-43 (henceforth "StS"). Vaciago (2000- 2002: 246-49 et pass., 2004: vi) links St. Gallen 9 with other St. Gall manuscripts (295 (449). 299 (450]) and with St. Paul im Lavanthal, Archiv des Benediktinerstiftes cod. 82/1 [454] as a "St. Gallen" grouping related to the "Rz"/Leiden family of glossaries but bearing signs of conflation with other sources of biblical and non-biblical materials. St. Gall 9 lies very close to the archetype according to Schroter ( 1926: 3-7), for "Rz"; see also StS 1879-1922: 5.108-12 and Vaciago 1996; brief description of manuscript, StS 4.441-42]. In the first part, a single hand writing continental caroline minuscule with titles in rustica; the same is true of the second part, a compilation from two separate manuscripts, while the third part shows continental carolingian minuscule with some insular influence (best seen on pp. 314-318). Strips from an 8c St. Gall manuscript were used to reinforce a few leaves in parts 1 and 3 (see note to "Collation"). Berger (1893: 129) suggested that the biblical texts were copied from St. Gall 14, which in turn was a copy of a Reichenau manuscript borrowed for that purpose by Notker Balbulus (ca. 840-912); he also notes similarities between St. Gall 9, St. Gall 4, and St. Gall 68, the last perhaps copied out during the abbacy of Hartmut Description of manuscript in Bergmann and Stricker 2005: 1.461-63 (no. 173)

St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 295: Compilation of biblical glossaries and glossae collectae, Eucherius, "Instructiones;' Jerome, Epistle 25

449. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 295 Compilation of biblical glossaries and glossae collectae, Eucherius, "Instructiones;' Jerome, Epistle 25 [Ker App. 27, Gneuss -] HISTORY: A late 9/early 10c collection of Old and New Testament and other glossaries and materials with OHG and, less frequently, OE-derived interpretations (see Steinmeyer and Sievers 1879-1922: 4.448-49, henceforth "StS"). In a single hand, possibly a St. Gall hand (cf. Bruckner 1938: 94); this type of hand is sometimes called ''.Alemannic" minuscule; some chapter rubrics in rustic capitals. The group of three manuscripts containing biblical glossaries and described, on the basis of origin of two of its three members, as the "St. Gallen group" (Vaciago 2000/2002: 241), includes as well as this manuscript St. Gall 9 [446] and "P'; St. Paul im Lavantal, Stiftsbibliothek x.xv. d. 82 [454]. The common nucleus of this group of three manuscripts(= "PSg") has been seen as "forming a clearly distinct branch of the tradition ultimately deriving from Canterbury" (Vaciago 2000/2002: 241,247) and as having the glossary tradition represented by the Leiden Glossary (Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, Voss. lat. fol. 24 (156] = "L2") as one of its "main building blocks" (Vaciago 2004: I.vi). The biblical glossary in St. Gall 295, in the view of its editor, P. Vaciago, "represents an attempt, generally sucessful, to reorder into a single, coherent series the idiosyncratic sequence of material shared by P and Sg 9" (Vaciago 2000: 247). To summarize the arguments in Pheifer 1995, Vaciago 2000/2002, and Vaciago 2004 (Vol. 1, introduction), to the extent that the biblical glossaries in "PSg"and "Rz" (Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Aug. 99 ( 86) [ 142]) are descendents of traditions represented in Pent I, II, III (Pent. III for "PSg"; on these see Bischoff and Lapidge 1994: 190-94, 290-94 et pass.), both can be said to be equally close to an "English tradition:' by which is meant the school of Canterbury and the program of Theodore and Hadrian. A complete digital facsimile of St. Gall 295 has been published recently: http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/csg/0295/

Basel, Öffenliche Bibliothek des Universitats F.III.15a: Isidore, "De rerum natura'' (with quire of computus diagrams); Ps.-Isidore, "Differentiae;' Jerome, Ep. 60

9. Basel, Öffentliche Bibliothek des Universitats F.III.15a Isidore, "De rerum natura'' (with quire of computus diagrams); Ps.-Isidore, "Differentiae;' Jerome, Ep. 60 [Ker App. 2; Gneuss-; Lowe 7.842/843] HISTORY: A compilation of two contemporary manuscripts of slightly different format, the first quire of the first part wanting. Written in a continental center with an A-S tradition, most likely Fulda, using "pointed" A-S minuscule scripts of 8c/9c, one hand on ff. 1v-23v and two others on ff. 24v-32v (Bergmann and Stricker 2005: 1.180). Other near-contemporary hands have added medical recipes, charms, etc. The warrant for inclusion of this manuscript in the series is an OHG charm on f. 17r which is thought to derive directly from an OE one. The manuscript was at Fulda by the 15c as shown by its Fulda shelfmark 'vii or. 7' and its likely earlier presence there is indicated by the name 'RATGAR' (or 'RATGART' or 'RATCART'; see Lehmann 1925: 13-14) incised on the ancient cover, probably a reference to the abbot of Fulda of that name (802-817). According to Lowe, Basel OBU F.III.15f (Lowe 7.848, Gneuss no. 786), the earliest English witness to Isidore's "De rerum natura;' of the Sc, which is of certain early Fulda provenance, was the source of astronomical notes in F.IIl.15a (see also Corradini 2003: 306-7 and Christ 1933: 166). The oldest Fulda booklist is on ff. 17-18. This manuscript (as well as F.111.15f ) was acquired ca. 1630 by the Basel professor Remigius Faesch (d. 1667), who, Fontaine (1960: 310) supposes, is responsible for the early modern notes and chapter numbers in item 1. Repaired by W. Bitz in 1950

St. Gallen, Stiftsbiblioothek MS 299: Compendium of Glossaries

450. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 299 Compendium of Glossaries [Ker App. 28; Gneuss -] HISTORY: A late 9c St. Gall biblical glossary collection with integral OHG (Alemannic) and OE interpretations (Steinmeyer and Sievers 4:449-50; OE glosses at pp. 3-4, 8-11, 265, and 280, on OHG dialect(s) see references in Bergmann and Stricker 2005: 2.538-40). It is apparently a compilation of two contemporary manuscripts of similar layout and character as shown by the two signature systems (see "Collation;' note): Part 1, pp. 1-73 (decayed and trimmed leaf after p. 4 skipped, now numbered '4a' (= 4), '4b', '4c'; recto of decayed leaf skipped after p. 64, numbering now '64, -, 65'); Part 2, pp. 74-336 (number skipped after p. 74, that leaf now being '74/76') (see Bergmann and Stricker 2005: 2: 536). A note at p. 38, 'Recaluaster e<st> q<ui> in anteriori | parte capitis dvo caluitia hab& medi&ate int<er> ilia. habente | pilos. vt est vuikram<mus>: has generated some comment as to whether this might be the scribe of this glossary collection and to be identified with the "Uuichrammus" mentioned in St. Gall 260 (a 9c Bede manuscript). If this Uuichrammus is the Wichram known from eight other documents in St. Gall, MSS 474, 475, 518, 523, 533, 535, 536, and 543, dated to the years 860-869, then MS 299 can perhaps be dated to the 860s as well (Bruckner 1938: 94; idem 1977-1991: 262). Similarities between the script of St. Gallen 260 and 299 have been noted by Scarpatetti et al. (1991: nos. 847, 850), both with references to "Uichrammus"), though this hand has not been certainly identified with that of the eight other St. Gall manuscripts listed above. St. Gall 9 [446], 283 [448], 295 [449], and 299 offer specimens of St. Gall commentarial activity in the later 9c and exhibit A-S-influenced glossarial activity. St. Gall 299 shares some batches of lemmata in common with the Leiden-family of glossaries ultimately deriving from the Canterbury school of Theodore and Hadrian- namely, in Part 1 biblical glosses on pp. 3-21, "De lapidibus" on pp. 24-25, Eusebius (Leiden batch XXXV) on pp. 30-31; and in Part 2 lemmata and glosses from church councils and decretals on pp. 186-209, Gregory (= Leiden batch XXXIX) on pp. 263-266, Cassian(= Leiden batches XXXI V and XLVIII) on pp. 267-269, and Eusebius batches on pp. 270-278. "The rest, i.e., a very considerable proportion of glossary material, both biblical and non-biblical, does not show any specifically close connection [to the Canterbury tradition], .. . it belongs to the mare magnum of glossary material which 'ultimately derives' or often only possibly derives from the insular tradition" (p.c. P. Vaciago). OHG words have been underlined by one or more modern hands

Cologny-Geneve, Bibliotheca Bodmeriana, MS Bodmer 2: Fragment of Ælfric, Homily for Septuagesima Sunday

112. Cologny-Geneve, Bibliotheca Bodmeriana, MS Bodmer 2 Fragment of Ælfric, Homily for Septuagesima Sunday [Ker 285 & Supp., Gneuss 828] HISTORY: A late 11c fragment consisting of one leaf trimmed at the top containing most of the Gospel text of Ælfric's Homily for Septuagesima Sunday from the second series (on Matt. 20.1-15, the parable of the workers in the vineyard). The leaf had formed the wrapper of Domenico Mancini, De quattuor virtutibus (London: R. Dexter, 1601); the volume was bought in the Howard of Corby Sale at Sotheby's, Lot 29, August 1, 1934 by the book dealer E. P. Goldschmidt and the leaf, detached, sold separately by him to the collector Wilfrid Merton; later bought by the book dealer Martin Breslauer (no. 4 in his 1958 catalogue) (see Ker 1962: 77). It was purchased for the Bodmeriana by auction in July 1958 for £250. The verso was pasted to the binding. It is now preserved between sheets of plate glass, kept in a box labeled 'M. MS. 1.6 cod. Bodmer 2'. The text varies slightly in grammatical details and vocabulary from the received text (see Ker 1962: 78-79, Potter 1964: 67), enough so that Godden did not attempt to collate variants from it (Godden 1979: 348-49). [Note: Ker ( 1962: 77) notes that this copy "does not set out to be a faithful transcript of what Ælfric wrote;' that the scribe was simplifying the text. The Bodmer text is related to the tradition preserved in such manuscripts as Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 340,342 [358]. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MSS 162 [33]. 198 [41]. 303 [49], and other of the "B group" of the "first recension" of manuscripts of Ælfric's second series of Catholic Homilies (cf. Godden 1979: xxv-lxv). Manuscripts of this group probably go back to a south-eastern ancestor but the type spread to the West Midlands and Worcester (Godden 1979: lx-lxii). Though the Bodmer fragment is a slender sample, dialectal variants and corrections point to a south-western scriptorium in possession of a lW-S first-recension copy of the second series.

Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek 32 (1060): Glossae collectae to Priscian and as "Leiden Glossary;' etc.; 'Ars Medicine" ('Articella")

126. Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek 32 (1060) Glossae collectae to Priscian and as "Leiden Glossary;' etc.; 'Ars Medicine" ('Articella") [Ker App. 9, Gneuss -] HISTORY: A compilation of two distinct manuscripts, the first being a mid-10c collection of glossaries (pp. 1-222) containing relatively sparse OHG glosses, some OE-derived, written cooperatively quire-by-quire by many scribes; the second part (pp. 223-357) is a standard compendium of Salernitan medical treatises known as the "Ars medicine" or ''Articella;' of which pp. 223-310 is 12c and pp. 311-357 early 13c; the first five items of this part are in a single late 12c hand, and the last item, the "Tegne" of Galen, which was the last component added to the original ''Articella;' consists of three quires written in a slightly later hand. The origin of the two parts is uncertain: the first may be from Reichenau or another A-S foundation in the Alemannic-speaking area; Teitge (2004: 27, 36) posited Freising as the origin of the Priscian gloss (also found in Munich, Staatsbibliothek Clm 6408 [326], ff. 1r-47v, and Leiden, Bibliothek der Rijksuniversiteit, Cod. Voss. Lat. 8° 37, ff. lr-30r, the "F-group"); the second part may be of Einsiedeln origin. The two parts were probably in the Einsiedeln abbey library by the mid-14c. Both parts show evidence of having been handled by the Einsiedeln librarian in the 1340s, Heinrich von Ligerz. On the back of a mutilated notice of excommunication dated 1319 that the 19c librarian P. Gall Morel found in the library and took as the isolated remains of a pastedown is the inscription "Liber Glosarum ex Prise ... | antiqus et alia mult .. :' in the hand of Ligerz; Meier (1896: 18) surmised that it was lost from the inside front cover of this book, which indeed shows the impressions of a lost pastedown. At the bottom of the first page of the second part (p. 223) is the inscription 'Hie h<abe>t<ur> <conti>n<en>t<ur> q<uin>q<ue> lib<ri> p<ri>[ ncipa]'les' i<n> medicina: in a hand similar to Ligerz's (see Meier 1896: 43); the inscription implies this was the first page of a volume at the time and its darkened condition betokens that the volume had been unbound for a time. The "quinque libri" comprise the first five items of''Artes medicine", pp. 233-310 of this manuscript; the sixth item, "Tegni" of Galen, comprises three early 13c quires, pp. 311-357, which must have been added to complete the basic "Articella" ensemble in Ligerz's time or shortly thereafter. The present medieval binding of leather-covered boards with a lost strap, containing the two parts, therefore dates no earlier than Ligerz's tenure, not to the 12c/13c as is often said. An old shelfmark, 'f' 203: appears on the flyleaf. [Note: Einsiedeln was founded in 861 as a cell of St. Meinrad of Reichenau and continues to this day as a great non-diocesan Benedictine abbey and pilgrimage site. For the medieval history of its library, founded in the mid-lOc, see Bruckner 1943: 5. 15-91. Bruckner mentions the parts of MS 32 as among the "foreign books" perhaps acquired in the 12c, though he concedes that the second part could perhaps have been written at Einsiedeln (47, and note 50). He does not include MS 32 in his catalogue of manuscripts having their origin at Einsiedeln (169-184).

St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 283: Hrabanus Maurus as revised by Walahfrid Strabo, "Commentary on the Pentateuch"

448. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 283 Hrabanus Maurus as revised by Walahfrid Strabo, "Commentary on the Pentateuch" [Ker App. 26, Gneuss -] HISTORY: A late 9c St. Gall manuscript (ex libris, top of p. 2; cf. Bischoff 1967: 49) containing biblical commentaries by Hrabanus and Walahfrid Strabo, with OHG (Alemannic) glosses to Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy (gll. ed. Steinmeyer-Sievers 1879-1922: cf. 4.447; ed. Schröter 1926: 54-55; on Walahfrid's works at St. Gall, see Brauer: 1926: 60-62); many are derived from the Theodoran tradition, most of those to Leviticus and Numbers embedding the fossilized 's' (sometimes written 'f ' ) for the original "s<axonice>" (cf. Schröder 1956/7: 199-213, esp. 205, and Mettke 1987 who suggests the 'f ' is for "f<rancice>"). There is one clear OE gloss (at p. 657, pr. Meritt 1945: 45, no. 37); on pp. 482-485 appear several A-S-derived glosses on bird names in Leviticus, related to those found in the 10c Hrabanus manuscript from Reichenau, Karlsruhe, Landesbibliothek, Aug. 231 (119) [145].&nbsp

St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 913: A Scholar's Handbook, including "Vocabularius Sancti Galli"

451. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 913 A Scholar's Handbook, including "Vocabularius Sancti Galli" [Ker App. 29, Gneuss-, Lowe, CLA 7.976] HISTORY: An informal, probably personal scholar's handbook or vademecum, in small format, written in the second half of the 8c, within the A-S missionary field (cf.B rauer 1926: 8-11, Bischoff 1971: 118-19) and within an A-S-Frankish glossary tradition (Sonderegger 1970: 24, 47-48, pl. 18, pp. 166-67). It is made up of foul sheets and leftover bits sewn together and was doubtless someone's personal "pocket" book of commonplaces. Mettke believed its exemplar to have been brought to Fulda by the A-S mission (1979: 36-38; he prints a selection of the Vocabularius, pp. 128-30). Baesecke (1933: 162) had posited its transmission to St. Gall via Murbach or Echternach, placing it in an A-S-Fulda tradition (but "Murbach" has not been generally accepted, cf. Bischoff 1971: 119). Bischoff (1971: 118-19) suggested the region of Main, Hessen, northern Bavaria, with perhaps Echternach as the focal point (see also Mettke 1987: 507) but ultimately, as Bischoff says, one must be satisfied with Lowe's observation that it was written in Germany in an imitative A-S majuscule hand and contains interpretations in OHG and OE. The OHG dialect is "Alemannisch (zum Teil auch als ostfrankisch bestimmt)" (Bergmann 1983: 16). Pp. 139-145 contain glosses to Leviticus that remain recognizably A-S, which Bischoff and Lapidge trace to the Canterbury school of biblical commentaries of Theodore and Hadrian (including in the bird-name list from Lev. 11 a direct reference on p. 143/1-2 to Hadrian: 'laru(m) hragra I adrianus d(ici)t meum e(ss)e' ; see also in same item, p. 140/9-10 'por'phi'rionem. Non fit in brit't'annia', p. 143/6-8 'Onocratulum ... nee nos habemus'; Bischoff and Lapidge 1994: 287-88, 291-94, 534-41, cf.D erolez 1989: 470-1). Altogether, the contents, language, and hand point to an A-S mission area in present southern Germany- Switzerland in the second half of the 8c. The electronic St. Gallen catalogue describes it as "a composite manuscript in small format written around 790 in Germany as a kind of diary by a scribe educated in the Anglo- Saxon tradition containing texts treating missionary, theological and educational questions:' Besides the famous "Vocabularius Sancti Galli" (at pp. 181-206), what Bergmann calls a Latin-OHG "phrasebook" of everyday words for someone who is not fluent in German (cf. Bergmann 1987: 38), the manuscript contains various works and extracts that might have served for teaching and/or compiling a glossary, including one of the earliest copies of the popular "Joca Monachorum" (at pp. 149-161, cf. Suchier 1955: 90, this copy is his"A'). The manuscript contains no signals of ownership. It was assigned the number "913" in the 1824 renumbering of St. Gall manuscripts by Stiftsbibliothekar Fr. Ildefons von Arx. A complete digital facsimile of the manuscript is available from Codices Electronici Sangallenses at (http://www.cesg.unifr.ch/virt_bib/manuscripts. htm)

Notes to Users

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Bern, Burgerbibliothek 671: Celtic pocket gospel book

12. Bern, Burgerbibliothek 671 Celtic pocket gospel book [Ker 6, Gneuss 794) HISTORY: A small, early 9c copy of the Gospels, a "pocket Gospel;' presumably a personal copy, having no apparatus such as canon tables, capitula, or prefaces; there are a few stray marginal references to lessons in Luke (ff. 37r-43r). Although it is of lrish type in size, lack of apparatus, and decoration, it is believed to have originated in a Brythonic region (Wales or Cornwall) and to have been in the possession of the church at Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire. According to Berger (1893: 57) it has a mixed Irish/ A-S (i.e., Italian) text and Irish textual attributes (see note below, and McGurk 1987 [rpt. 1998):174-75). Lindsay (1911: 795) posited a Celtic scriptorium based on the hands and abbreviations (go for "ergo;' gi for "igitur"); but Lindsay further argues that it must be from Cornwall rather than Wales because, first, its "insular" script (there are two main scribes writing in similar style) is not like Welsh script, still less like A-S (and therefore this would be the unique instance of an extant early Cornish manuscript (Lindsay 1922: 58)) and, secondly, because of the Alfredian acrostics added on the blank leaf f. 74v (Lindsay 1911: 495-96, 1912: 11), which implies a Wessex provenance. McGurk (1987 [rpt. 1998]: 250, 263) has said of the "pocket gospel book'' that "[t]he form is at least indisuputably Irish;' placing Bern 671 among a group of eight Irish pocket Gospels ranging from the 7c to approximately to 927 or a little earlier. [Note: The relevant Irish gospel books, ranging in date from ca. 696 to ca. 927 and in size from 175 x 142 mm. to 125 x 112 mm., are: Dublin, Royal Irish Academy D.11.3 (the Stowe St. John, s. viii-ix); Dublin, Trinity College 59 (Dimma Gospels, s. viii or ix); Dublin, Trinity College 60 (Mulling Gospels, s. vii); Dublin, Trinity College ff. 95-98 (Mulling fragment, s. vii}; Fulda, Landesbibliothek Bonifatius 3 (Cadmug Gospels, s. viii); London, BL Add. 40618 (s. viii2, in England by s. xmed); London, Lambeth Palace 1370 [319] (MacDurnan Gospels, ca. 927). McGurk (1956 [rpt. 1998]: 174-5) links Bern 671 to this group on the basis that "[i]ts size and its exclusion of textual accessories and ... its text bring it within the Irish orbit:' While it provenance has been placed in either Wales or south-west Britain (McGurk has elsewhere called it a "West British Book" (1986 [rpt. 1998]: 45 n. 4), he shows it does exhibit filiations to an Irish textual tradition, e.g.,the treatment of the first seventeen verses of Matthew as a prologue: Bern 671, | r/27-28 adds to verse 17 'fmit prologus amen | amen' (cf. McGurk 1987 [rpt. 1998]: 257 and n. l).] In short, in form and manufacture, textual arrangement and content, the manuscript seems likely the product of an Irish-influenced center in Britain's west or south-west. Keynes and Lapidge (1983: 338) noted that by the 10c the manuscript was at Bedwyn, Wiltshire, "one of Alfred's estates;' and Lapidge has suggested that the manuscript may have moved into an English ambit through the agency of Asser (Lapidge 2006: 50, n. 89). Lindsay believed the acrostics were composed by the scribe himself, given their inferior and confused state (1912: 10), and must have been written in the southwest before 899, the date of Alfred's death. Confirming the southwestern provenance are, on final originally blank leaves, added OE documents of the 10c pertaining to places in Wiltshire and Berkshire. Förster (1941: 788-91) was of the opinion that the spelling of the OE showed traces of "keltisch-britischer" scribal practice. The manuscript was in France by the 12c/13c (inscription of names in a French script, f. 77v), perhaps at Fleury, and was in the hands of a French owner as the signature ( l 4c/ 15c) on the added strip at the end of the manuscript attests. It subsequently belonged to Pierre Daniel of Orleans ( d. 1603) (Ker, Cat., p. 5), who acquired many of his manuscripts from Fleury, and with the moiety of the Daniel collection it eventually came into the library of the French diplomat and scholar Jacques Bongars (1554-1612); Bongars willed his library to Jacques Gravisset, a Bern official, who willed it to the city of Bern in 1624 upon his marriage to Salome von Erlach; it entered the Burgerbibliothek in 1632 (for the history of the Bongarsiana Library see also the "History" ofBern, Burgerbibliothek 258 [11])