The transient analysis of pipe networks transporting highly volatile liquids

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Regulation of a multigenic invasion programme by the transcription factor, AP-1: re-expression of a down-regulated gene, TSC-36, inhibits invasion

The transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1) is required for transformation by many oncogenes, which function upstream of it in the growth factor-ras signal transduction pathway. Previously, we proposed that one role of AP-1 in transformation is to regulate the expression of a multigenic invasion programme. As a test of this proposal we sought to identify AP-1 regulated genes based upon their differential expression in 208F rat fibroblasts transformed by FBR-v-fos (FBR), and to determine if they functioned in the invasion programme. Subtracted cDNA libraries specific for up- or down-regulated genes in FBRs compared to 208Fs were constructed and analysed. Northern analysis revealed that the cDNAs in both libraries represented differentially expressed genes. Nucleic acid sequence analysis of randomly selected cDNA clones from each library coupled with searches of nucleic acid and amino acid sequence databases determined that many of the cDNAs represented proteins that function in various aspects of the invasion process. Functional analysis of one the down-regulated genes, TSC-36/follistatin-related protein (TSC-36/Frp), which has not previously been associated with invasion, demonstrated that its expression in FBRs inhibited in vitro invasion. These results support the proposal that AP-1 in transformed cells regulates a multigenic invasion programme

A New efficient dynamic MAC protocol for the delivery of multiple services over GPON

“The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com”. Copyright Springer. [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]The Gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) has become an attractive and promising solution for the broadband access network. It is apparent that an efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol is crucial not only to catalyze the utilization of the upstream resources but also to support the GPON encapsulation method (GEM) for multiple services over GPON. A new approach for bandwidth reporting is developed to achieve dynamic awareness of both the changes of ONU queue status and the consequences of previous allocations. In addition, a novel balance transferring mechanism that enables a register and transfer process for successive allocation across multiple frames is presented. By incorporating the new schemes of bandwidth reporting process and the balance transferring mechanism into a frame-based scheduling procedure, an efficient dynamic bandwidth assignment MAC protocol is developed to support differentiated services over GPON. The performance of the new protocol is simulated and evaluated under a variety of traffic distributions. Simulated characteristics demonstrate a significantly improved network performance.Peer reviewe