Pneumocystosis in a domestic goat

A fatal case of an infection by the parasite, Pneumocystis carinii Delanoë & Delanoë, 1914, is described in a young domestic goat. The disease was manifested as a severe diffuse interstitial pneumonitis accompanied by filling of the alveolar air spaces by large numbers of organisms. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed the parasite to be identical to previously described cases in man and other animals. This is apparently the first case recognized in an animal in Africa.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Nasal acariasis in the chacma baboon, Papio ursinus Kerr, 1972

Mature specimens of Rhinophaga papionis Fain, 1955 were observed exclusively in the maxillary recesses of 29 of 31 chacma baboons (93,6%). They stimulated the formation of inflammatory polyps, which in some cases almost completely filled the recesses. The polyps were composed of a myxomatous core infiltrated with varying numbers of plasma cells and eosinophiles. Hyperplastic epithelium with localized areas of stratified squamous metaplasia covered the polyps. R. elongata Coffee, van Aswegen, McConnell & Basson, 1971 (elongated nasal mite) was found in 3 of 44 baboons (6,8%). This remarkably long mite (5 to 6 mm) was located in the apex of small nodules which were randomly distributed throughout the nasal cavity. The anterior third of the mite was deeply embedded in the mucosa and in some cases even in the subjacent bone. These mites also tended to cause plugging of the mucosal glands which became markedly dilated. It is probable that both mites have a direct life cycle, with spread by way of immature forms.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Medical Research and Development Command, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C

Oocysts of Isospora papionis in the skeletal muscles of chacma baboons

Numerous partially and fully sporulated oocysts of Isospora papionis were found in the skeletal muscles of two free-ranging adult male chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). Only one of them had I. papionis oocysts in the intestines and then only a few. The oocysts appeared potentially viable and provoked a mild inflammatory response.The importance of the parasite in this location in regard to its life-cycle is discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590;300dpi. adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A survey of diseases among 100 free-ranging baboons (Papio ursinus) from the Kruger National Park

The pathological and parasitological findings from 100 free-ranging chacma baboons are described. One of the most striking discoveries was a heretofore unknown coccidian parasite, Isospora papionis, and even more important than its presence in the small intestine was its occurrence in skeletal muscles. Serological and histopathological evidence of toxoplasmosis was found in several animals. Other previously unknown parasites encountered included two mites- Rhinophaga elongata, an unusually long mite that produced small granulomas in the nasal mucosae, and Pneumonyssus vocalis, a mite found in the laryngeal ventricles. A new species of filarid, Tetrapetalonema papionis was found in the subcutis and intermuscular fascia. New records for the chacma baboon of known parasites were R. papionis, a mite found only in the maxillary recess, where it stimulated a polyplike growth, and, in the skeletal muscles, cysticerci of Taenia crocutae, a tapeworm of hyenas (Crocuta crocuta and Hyaena brunnea). Apart from the pathological changes associated with the above parasites, another important finding was numerous cases of "capture myopathy", a syndrome that resembles Meyer-Betz disease of man. One of the most severe diseases encountered was pulmonary acariasis (P. mossambicensis), which at times caused large foci of supportive pneumonia and diffuse pleuritis. The mite pigment was also found in draining lymph nodes. The most serious diseases of the liver were cytomegaly, which was similar to that produced by mycotoxins in other animal species, multiple granulomatous foci caused by Hepatocystis simiae and microgranulomas caused by ova of Schistosoma mattheei. Adult schistosomes were also found in the mesenteric vessels. The most important lesion in the central nervous system was an axonal hamartoma, which was found in two cases and involved a large portion of the brain stem. Also of note were a meningioma in the falx cerebelli, a few examples of non-suppurativc encephalitis and several cases in which neurons in the medulla oblongata had been replaced by a globular eosinophilic mass. Other tumours found were a fibroma in the subcutis of the face and a basal cell carcinoma in the skin on the back. Both were of local importance only. Developmental anomalies included an accessory spleen, ectopic pancreatic tissue in the duodenum, thymic tissue embedded in the thyroid and parathyroid and microcysts in the thymus, parathyroid and adenohypophysis. Arteriosclerosis of limited severity was found in the aorta and coronary and renal arteries of many of the older baboons (males and females). Another vascular change related to previous pregnancy was sclerosis of the ovarian and uterine vessels. Degenerative changes were found in the central arteries of germinal follicles in various lymph nodes and the spleen. Other noteworthy findings included the presence of spargana in the skeletal muscles; ranula formation of the ducts of the glands of Ebner; para-ovarian crystals; large intranuclear inclusions in the submandibular salivary gland compatible with those produced by cytomegalovirus and intranuclear inclusions in the epididymis. Various gastro-intestinal parasites were found and their corresponding lesions are described. Selected bacterial studies for shigellae and salmonellae were negative, as were intradermal tests for tuberculosis and serological tests for leptospirosis and brucellosis. The brain, heart, spleen, liver, lungs and kidneys were mass measured and were compared to the body mass. In all age groups the heart varied the least when expressed as percent body mass. The brain was the most variable in this regard but changed the least in total mass.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A Tiered Approach to Systemic Toxicity Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment

Aproposal has been developed by the Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment (ACSA) Technical Committee of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) for an improved approach to assessing the safety of crop protection chemicals. The goal is to ensure that studies are scientifically appropriate and necessary without being redundant, and that tests emphasize toxicological endpoints and exposure durations that are relevant for risk assessment. The ACSA Systemic Toxicity Task Force proposes an approach to systemic toxicity testing as one part of the overall assessment of a compound\u2019s potential to cause adverse effects on health. The approach is designed to provide more relevant data for deriving reference doses for shorter time periods of human exposure, and includes fewer studies for deriving longer term reference doses\u2014that is, neither a 12-month dog study nor a mouse carcinogenicity study is recommended. All available data, including toxicokinetics and metabolism data and life stages information, are taken into account. The proposed tiered testing approach has the potential to provide new risk assessment information for shorter human exposure durations while reducing the number of animals used and without compromising the sensitivity of the determination of longer term reference doses

Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012