Electronic Anonymous Communications: Considerations for Higher Education Administrators

Communications via electronic technology have expanded to encompass daily life for most higher education students, faculty, staff, and administrators. The Pew Research Center reports that nearly 100% of undergraduate and graduate students access the Internet (Smith, Rainie, & Zikuhr, 2011). Computers, cell phones, and tablets are an integral part of university life and student communications using social media websites, text messaging, online chat, and websites are widespread. Electronic communications can be categorized as websites, application, or social media. A subset of these electronic communications, characterized as anonymous, may present a particular challenge to those working in higher education institutions. Created to provide students an opportunity for free speech and expression, anonymous electronic communications offer mockers, bullies, and other tormentors a nameless venue to critique, harass, and verbally abuse other students. The anonymous behavior has expanded and escalated to threats of rape, murder, campus bombing, and other acts of violence, some of which occurs among groups communicating in real time. The impact in the classroom and on student life is an important consideration for campus administrators today, especially with the proliferation of cyberbullying. Although there may be little that can be done to control participation, administrators can benefit from understanding the availability and nature of anonymous electronic communications and the influence they can have on all aspects of student life. Further, an appreciation of the modes and effects can inform policy and decision making to provide the most beneficial student services management

An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers

Introduction: Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods: We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. Results: We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. Conclusions: This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects.Peer reviewe

Structure of (1S*,5S*,SR*)-1-(3-p-toluenesulfinyl-2-propenyl)-2-methylene-7,7-dimethylbicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0108270187092849.See article for abstract

Benefits to Women from Playing Tackle Football

There has been an increase in the number of opportunities for women to participate in sport since the passage of Title IX in 1972. Research has shown that women who participate in contact sport enjoy the physical nature of the sport and the opportunity to break down barriers (Chu, Leberman, Howe, & Bachor, 2003), as well as the feeling of empowerment (Migliaccio & Berg, 2007). Over the past decade, there has been a surge in the number of women playing professional tackle football. Recently opportunities for women to participate in tackle football have resulted in close to 90 teams across the country. This study examined the experiences of professional women football players on a Midwest team. Specifically, six current players with at least three years playing experience were interviewed about the benefits they encountered as a professional football player. Players ranged in age from 23 to 37 and were from diverse backgrounds (one Native American, four European Americans, and one African American). After the interviews were transcribed, they were analyzed using inductive and deductive analysis. Seven perceived benefits emerged from this study. These benefits included Physical Fitness, Social Competence, Physicality of the GameImproves Psychological Well- Being, Changing the Fabric of Society, the Thrill of Victory, and Travel Opportunities. Discussion will focus on the experiences of the players and the benefits that can be derived from participating in tackle football. As previous research has suggested, the results confirm that there are benefits for women that are involved in contact sports

See-Saw : Twenty Years at Galerie Saw Video

Document of 20 years of video, performance, and exhibitions at Saw. Includes an extensive historical essay on the Ottawa artist-run centre, as well as a chronology of exhibitions and performances