Preparing community forestry for REDD+: engaging local communities in the mapping and MRV requirements of REDD+

Based on fieldwork carried out over the last five years, this article presents the case for communities being permitted to make their own forest carbon inventories for the purposes of monitoring under national REDD+ programmes, following brief training. Modern technology, particularly PDAs (small, handheld computers), can provide the platform both for mapping and for storing data, and can easily be used by people with only a few years primary education, although a technical agency will be needed to back up such systems. There are many advantages to this approach: costs are much lower than when professionals do the work, while the data are equally accurate. ‘Ownership´ of the data may be important in legitimising communities´ claims to carbon credits in the forests they manage

Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 1993

Annual Meeting Calendar Inside Front & Back Cover 1994 Annual Luncheon-Meeting Notice. Inside Front & Back Cover 1993-1994 Meeting Dates Officers and Committee Chairs Bulletin Publication Committee The President\u27s Message Treasurer\u27s Report News About and From Our Graduates Seize the Day Psychology and Nursing Fiftieth Anniversary Resume of Minutes of Alumni Association Meetings Tribute to Mabel C. Prevost The Decade Fund Nursing Scholarship Happy Birthday Alumni Office News Jefferson Alumni Identification Card Committee Reports Bulletin Social Relief Fund Scholarship Finance In Memoriam, Names of Deceased Graduates Luncheon Photos Class News Relief Fund Application Scholarship Application Membership Application Pins, Transcripts, Class Address Lists, Change of Address For

Dynamic changes in methadone utilisation for opioid use disorder treatment: a retrospective observational study during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health concern in the USA, resulting in high rates of overdose and other negative outcomes. Methadone, an OUD treatment, has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of overdose and improving overall health and quality of life. This study analysed the distribution of methadone for the treatment of OUD across the USA over the past decade and through the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Retrospective observational study using secondary data analysis of the Drug Enforcement Administration and Medicaid Databases. Setting: USA. Participants: Patients who were dispensed methadone at US opioid treatment programmes (OTPs). Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcomes were the overall pattern in methadone distribution and the number of OTPs in the USA per year. The secondary outcome was Medicaid prescriptions for methadone. Results: Methadone distribution for OUD has expanded significantly over the past decade, with an average state increase of +96.96% from 2010 to 2020. There was a significant increase in overall distribution of methadone to OTP from 2010 to 2020 (+61.00%, p\u3c0.001) and from 2015 to 2020 (+26.22%, p\u3c0.001). However, the distribution to OTPs did not significantly change from 2019 to 2021 (-5.15%, p=0.491). There was considerable state-level variation in methadone prescribing to Medicaid patients with four states having no prescriptions. Conclusions: There have been dynamic changes in methadone distribution for OUD. Furthermore, pronounced variation in methadone distribution among states was observed, with some states having no OTPs or Medicaid coverage. New policies are urgently needed to increase access to methadone treatment, address the opioid epidemic in the USA and reduce overdose deaths

Mechanisms of Pacific Summer Water variability in the Arctic's Central Canada Basin

© The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 119 (2014): 7523–7548, doi:10.1002/2014JC010273.Pacific Water flows northward through Bering Strait and penetrates the Arctic Ocean halocline throughout the Canadian Basin sector of the Arctic. In summer, Pacific Summer Water (PSW) is modified by surface buoyancy fluxes and mixing as it crosses the shallow Chukchi Sea before entering the deep ocean. Measurements from Ice-Tethered Profilers, moorings, and hydrographic surveys between 2003 and 2013 reveal spatial and temporal variability in the PSW component of the halocline in the Central Canada Basin with increasing trends in integrated heat and freshwater content, a consequence of PSW layer thickening as well as layer freshening and warming. It is shown here how properties in the Chukchi Sea in summer control the temperature-salinity properties of PSW in the interior by subduction at isopycnals that outcrop in the Chukchi Sea. Results of an ocean model, forced by idealized winds, provide support to the mechanism of surface ocean Ekman transport convergence maintaining PSW ventilation of the halocline.Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs under award 1107623, 1313614, 1107412, 1107277, 1303644, and 0938137 and by Yale University. ICMMG model development was supported by the Russian Fund for Basic Research (14-05-00730A)

Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 1994

1994-1995 Meeting Dates Calendar 1995 Annual Luncheon - Meeting Notice Officers and Committee Chairs Bulletin Publication Committee 1994-1995 Meeting Dates Calendar The President\u27s Message Treasurer\u27s Report News About Our Graduates Fiftieth Anniversary Resume of Minutes of Alumni Association Meetings Department of Nursing 1993-1994 Alumni Office News Jefferson 2000 Fund The Women\u27s Center for Health Promotion Discount Parking for Alumni Cadet Nurse Corps Medical Anecdotes of Faith Ukranian-American Teacher Exchange Happy Birthday Committee Reports In Memoriam, Names of Deceased Graduates Luncheon Photos Class News Jefferson Alumni Identification Card Relief Fund Application Scholarship Application Membership Application Pins, Transcripts, Class Address Lists, Change of address Forms Campus Ma