Le tetanos chez le grand enfant dans un hôpital pédiatrique à Yaoundé, Cameroun

Le tétanos est évitable par la vaccination, mais peut survenir en cas d'une immunisation incomplète. Nous avons mené une étude sur les dossiers médicaux des enfants admis pour tétanos entre 2008-2009 au Centre Mère et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal BIYA à Yaoundé. Le but était d'analyser les circonstances de survenue et les manifestations cliniques du tétanos chez le grand enfant, afin de proposer des stratégies de prévention adaptées au contexte camerounais. Le statut vaccinal était inconnu chez un patient, les autres (80%) n'avaient pas reçu de rappel vaccinal. Les portes d'entrée étaient les plaies aux membres, l'une était secondaire à une injection médicamenteuse. Tous ont présenté le tétanos généralisé. Le décès était survenu chez un patient. Le tétanos n'est pas rare chez le grand enfant au Cameroun. Il se dégage ainsi la problématique des rappels vaccinaux

Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis and purulent meningitis among children <5 years in Cameroon, 2011–2018

Background The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) entered Cameroon’s childhood national immunization programme (NIP) in July 2011 under a 3-dose schedule (6, 10, 14 weeks of age) without any catch-up. We described the impact of PCV13 onserotype distribution among pneumococcal meningitis cases over time. Methods We used laboratory-based sentinel surveillance data to identify meningitis cases among 2-to 59-month-old children with clinically-suspected bacterial meningitis (CSBM) admitted to hospitals in Yaoundé (August 2011-December 2018). Purulent meningitis cases had a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) count 20 per mm3. Pneumococcal meningitis cases had S. pneumoniae identified from CSF, with serotyping by polymerase chain reaction. Years 2011-2014 were described as early PCV13 era (EPE) and years 2015-2018 as late PCV13 era (LPE) impact periods. Results Among children hospitalized with CSBM who had a lumbar puncture obtained, there was no significant change from the EPE versus the LPE in the percentage identified with purulent meningitis: 7.5% (112/1486) versus 9.4% (154/1645), p = 0.0846. The percentage of pneumococcal meningitis cases due to PCV13 vaccine-serotype (VST) decreased from 62.0% (31/50) during the EPE to 35.8% (19/53) in the LPE, p = 0.0081. The most frequent pneumococcal meningitis VSTs during the EPE were 6A/6B (30%) and 5 (6%), and during the LPE were 14 (13.2%), 3 (7.6%), 4 (5.6%) and 18C (5.6%). Conclusion Four to seven years after PCV13 introduction, the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis due to vaccine serotypes has declined, mainly due to reductions of serotypes 6A/6B, 1, 19A, and 23F; nevertheless, PCV13 VSTs remain common. Because the analyzed surveillance system was not consistent or population based, we could not estimate incidence or overall impact; this emphasizes the need for improved surveillance to document further the utility of PCV13 immunization in Cameroon.publishedVersionPeer reviewe