Essai d’amélioration de la durée de conservation des aubergines aux températures ambiantes au Gabon

La conservation des fruits, particulièrement celle des aubergines, est difficile au Gabon, par manque de techniques d’entreposage appropriées. Les rares procédés utilisés sont coûteux et peu accessibles à la majeure partie de la population. La présente étude a été proposée pour tester l’efficacité de quelques méthodes simples susceptibles de servir d’alternative. Ce sont : les traitements des aubergines à la poudre des cendres et aux solutions de GA-3, de NaCl et d’huile d’arachide. Les paramètres de conservation étudiés étaient : la durée de stockage, les pertes de masse, de dureté et d’intégrité des organes. Les résultats ont montré que les traitements à l’huile d’arachide produisaient les meilleures conditions de conservation, avec des rallongements significatifs de durée de +18 jours, et des atténuations des pertes de masse, de dureté et d’intégrité. L’usage de cette technique peut donc être conseillé comme méthode de conservation valable des fruits d’aubergine.Mots clés: Fruits, traitements, huile d’arachide, durée, stockag

Amélioration de la durée de conservation des bananes plantain aux températures ambiantes

La banane plantain est le premier aliment de base au Gabon. Malheureusement 30 à 40% de sa production sont perdues, par manque de techniques de conservation appropriées et accessibles à la majorité des producteurs. Le présent travail a été conçu pour expérimenter l’efficacité de quelques procédés traditionnels de conservation, susceptibles de servir d’alternative aux atmosphères modifiées. Il s’agit notamment de l’emballage des fruits en sachets de polyéthylène, de leur enrobage dans de l’huile d’arachide, et de leur enfouissement dans la vermiculite. Les résultats ont révélé que les bananes ensachées se conservaient significativement plus longtemps que celles traitées à l’huile d’arachide, ou enfouies dans la vermiculite. De faibles pertes de masse et d’intégrité tissulaire, accompagnées de légères augmentations de sucres réducteurs ont également été observées chez ces organes. Les combinaisons sachet-huile et sachet-vermiculite n’ont pas provoqué des rallongements significatifs des durées de conservation, comparativement au sachet utilisé seul. Les emballages plastiques permettent donc d’améliorer la conservation des fruits de bananes plantain.Mots clés : Banane plantain, conservation, sachet, intégrité, Gabo

Analyse De Quelques Parametres De Consommation De Wavé-Fortex, Un Complement Alimentaire Naturel Du Gabon

Wavé-fortex is a food supplement developed by Masuku University of Science and Technology (USTM) in Gabon. It aims at fighting against metabolic diseases, especially impotence, fatigue and sexual weakness, hypertension, overweight and cardiac arrhythmias. This study was conducted in order to analyze the distribution of consumption by type of diseases. The results revealed that Wavé-fortex is mainly consumed for problems of sexual dysfunction (41%), general fatigue (20%) and hypertension (15%). In terms of gender, men are the main consumers at 73%. Their consumption is mainly due to sexual stability concerns (51%), general fatigue (24%) and hypertension (23%). Among women, the concerns are rather overweight (32%) and hypertension (29%), before sexual disorders (21%). Wavé-fortex is a product mainly consumed in Gabon (70%), Congo (14%), Cameroon (6%) and France (2.5%), by patients aged between 30 and 70 years

Intermittent selective clamping improves rat liver regeneration by attenuating oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

International audienceIntermittent clamping of the portal trial is an effective method to avoid excessive blood loss during hepatic resection, but this procedure may cause ischemic damage to liver. Intermittent selective clamping of the lobes to be resected may represent a good alternative as it exposes the remnant liver only to the reperfusion stress. We compared the effect of intermittent total or selective clamping on hepatocellular injury and liver regeneration. Entire hepatic lobes or only lobes to be resected were subjected twice to 10 min of ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion before hepatectomy. We provided evidence that the effect of intermittent clamping can be damaging or beneficial depending to its mode of application. Although transaminase levels were similar in all groups, intermittent total clamping impaired liver regeneration and increased apoptosis. In contrast, intermittent selective clamping improved liver protein secretion and hepatocyte proliferation when compared with standard hepatectomy. This beneficial effect was linked to better adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) recovery, nitric oxide production, antioxidant activities and endoplasmic reticulum adaptation leading to limit mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Interestingly, transient and early chaperone inductions resulted in a controlled activation of the unfolded protein response concomitantly to endothelial nitric oxide synthase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK activation that favors liver regeneration. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is a central target through which intermittent selective clamping exerts its cytoprotective effect and improves liver regeneration. This procedure could be applied as a powerful protective modality in the field of living donor liver transplantation and liver surgery

Effet du Manganèse sur la Croissance de la Patate Douce (Ipomoea batatas L.) au Gabon

Soil contamination in the mining town of Moanda, in southwestern of Gabon, is characterized by high concentrations of Manganese. This work aims to analyze the impact of various manganese concentrations in soils on sweet potato growth and development. The plant's seeds were obtained on the local market. The stems were grown in greenhouses in 5 media, 4 of which were enriched with manganese and 1 not enriched. The manganiferous effect was assessed by measuring biochemical and physico-chemical parameters (total chlorophyll, dry matter, total sugars). The effects of the 5 treatments were compared on the Statistica 7.2. software from an Anova. The results show that high concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) affect the morphometric characteristics of the sweet potato. Concentrations at 25% Mn increase the parameters and decrease them to 50% and 75% Mn, compared to the control. The 100% Mn concentrations totally inhibit the growth and development of the sweet potato.La contamination des sols de la ville minière de Moanda, au Sud-Est du Gabon est caractérisée par de fortes concentrations de manganèse. De ce fait, ce travail vise à analyser l’impact de diverses concentrations de manganèse dans les sols sur la croissance et le développement de la patate douce. Les semences de la plante ont été obtenues sur le marché local. Les tiges ont été cultivées en serre sur 5 milieux dont 4 enrichis en manganèse et 1 non enrichi. L’effet manganifère a été évalué par la mesure des paramètres biochimiques et physico-chimiques (chlorophylle totale, matière sèche, sucres totaux). Les effets des 5 traitements ont été comparés sur le logiciel Statistica 7.2. à partir d’une Anova. Les résultats montrent que les fortes concentrations (25% ,50%, 75% et 100%) affectent les caractéristiques morphométriques de la patate douce. Les concentrations à 25% de Mn entraînent une augmentation des paramètres et une diminution de ces derniers à 50% et 75% de Mn, par rapport au témoin. Les concentrations à 100% de Mn inhibent totalement la croissance et le développement de la patate douce

La drépanocytose (Approche transversale d'une pathologie peu vulgarisée)

MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Feedstuffs potential of harvest by-products from two oleaginous curcurbits

Among the generated crop residues and by-products in tropical agriculture, those of cucurbits represent great opportunities for animal nutrition. Nutritive profile of harvest by-products (dried leaves, fermented fruits, non fermented fruits and seeds shells) of two oleaginous cucurbits (Citrullus lanatus and Lagenaria siceraria) were investigated in order to explore their potential use as feedstuffs. The moisture, ash, and crude fibres contents were 4.81 to 12.87, 9.93 to 18.29, and 2.18 to 16.35%, respectively. Shells of L. siceraria seeds yielded the highest carbohydrate content (84.80 ± 2.78 %) while the highest calorific value (380.92 ± 11.40 kcal/100 g) was obtained in C. lanatus bebu. The contents of threonine (Thr), lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) in dried leaves of C. lanatus bebu were 4.16, 6.86 and 6.89 g/100 g proteins, respectively. The content of methionine (Met) was 5.81 g/100 g proteins in fermented fruits of C. lanatus (wlêwlê). The harvest by-products analyzed in this study contained remarkably high amounts of potassium (671.78 – 4738.79 mg/100 g) and calcium (342.08 – 2963.95 mg/100 g) with highest value (4738.79 ± 230.10; 2963.95 ± 135.74 mg/100 g) for non-fermented fruits of L. siceraria and dried leaves of C. lanatus wlêwlê, respectively. The analyzed plants parts were also notable sources of magnesium, ranging from 221.45 ± 1.96 mg/100 g (non-fermented fruits of L. siceraria) to 872.10 ± 48.49 mg/100 g (dried leaves of C. lanatus wlêwlê). All these results suggest that the studied by-products could be used as valuable feedstuffs. Key words: Harvest by-products, nutritive value, cucurbits, feedstuff

Induction of insulin secretion by an aqueous extract of Tabernanhte iboga Baill. (Apocynaceae) in rat pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

The effect of an aqueous extract of Tabernanthe iboga (TBEt) was studied in the rat islets insulin secretion based on its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The extract (10(-3)μg/ml-100μg/ml) did not exert a significant increase of insulin secretion (p>0.05) in the presence of 2.8mM of glucose (a none stimulatory concentration). Whereas, in the presence of 11.1mM of glucose (stimulatory concentration), TBEt augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the secretory effect of the extract was glucose-dependent (5.6-16.7mM). Furthermore, the insulinotropic effect of TBEt (1μg/ml) was significantly potentiated (p<0.001) in K(+)-depolarised media as well as in the presence of 2.8mM and 16.8mM of glucose concentrations. In contrast, in the same conditions, TBEt failed to stimulate the high K(+) medium-induced insulin release. The extract significantly amplified (p<0.001 and p<0.05) the insulin secretion induced by either IBMX or tolbutamide. Diazoxide, cobalt or calcium removal inhibited the insulinotropic effect of the extract. TBEt increased glucose-induced (45)Ca(2+) uptake in rat islets. Overall, our findings suggest that Tabernanthe iboga contains water soluble insulinotropic compounds. The insulin secretion of TBEt's active principles might involve the closure of K(+)-ATP and the intensification of calcium influx through voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels.JOURNAL ARTICLESCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe