Pattern of variations in superficial palmar arch in 134 Negro cadaveric hands

Objective: To investigate the incidence of anatomical variations of superficial palmar arch in Negro population. Materials and method: A total of 134 upper limbs comprising 74 right and 60 left specimens embalmed with formaldehyde were used for the investigation. The hand was dissected with palmar aponeurosis identified and removed to expose the ulnar and radial arteries. Results: A complete superficial arch was observed in 73.9 % specimens. In 70.1 % cases the superficial branch of the ulnar artery communicated with its radial arterial counterpart. In 3.0 % cases the arch was formed entirely by the ulnar artery while in a single case (0.8 %), a rare pattern was observed in which the superficial palmar branch of the ulnar artery gave rise to the princeps pollicis artery as its terminal branch with the exclusion of radialis indicis that had its origin from deep palmar branch of radial artery. The incomplete arch constituted 26.1 % of the entire palmar arch formation. Conclusion: In our Negro population study, deviation from normal anatomical pattern was common. Therefore, a review of vascular pattern prior to invasive or intervention surgery is strongly recommended to be able to detect anomalies likely to necessitate modification of surgical procedures

Histopathological effect of sub-lethal concentration of aluminum phosphide (phostoxin) on Clarias gariepinus juveniles

Abtsract: The study evaluated the effect of sub-lethal concentration of phostoxin on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. C. gariepinus juveniles belonging to the same cohort (40.1±1.2g; 18.1±1.1cm) from a commercial fish farm were randomly placed ten in each of 15 plastic tanks containing 15 liters of water. They were exposed for 96 hrs to three sub-lethal concentrations (treatments) of phostoxin (0.125, 0.250, 0.5mg L-1) and a phostoxin free control. At the end of 96 hrs exposure, they were dissected and the tissues need for histopathology removed and fixed in Bouin's fluid. The gill filament exhibited fusion at the secondary lamella that was progressive with concentration. At the highest concentration of exposure, the secondary lamellae showed marked pyknotic and necrotic changes characterized by epithelia detachment. The hepatic tissue showed mild inflammatory changes at lower concentrations while at the highest concentration of exposure there was marked inflammation with observed hydropic degeneration. In the kidney, an inflammatory change was only observed in the interstices at the highest dose of exposure with the convoluted tubules showing partial shrinkage. Phostoxin showed to have significantly caused alterations in cyto-architecture of the gills and to a considerable extent liver and kidney of C. gariepinus