Battery Electric Buses or Fuel Cell Electric Buses? A Decarbonization Case Study in the City of Brescia, Italy

Nowadays, designing and adopting sustainable and greener transport systems is of upmost interest. The European Commission and different EU countries are developing plans and programs—but also delivering resources—aimed at the decarbonization of cities and transport by 2030. In this paper, the case study of the city of Brescia, a city of about 200,000 inhabitants located in northern Italy, is addressed. Specifically, a preliminary operational and financial feasibility study is performed assuming the replacement of the entire compressed natural gas (CNG) powered bus fleet of a specific line; the two alternatives considered are battery electric buses (BEBs) and fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs). For the comparison and evaluation of the two alternatives, specific economic parameters of the three alternatives (BEB, FCEB and the current solution CNGB) were considered: CAPEX (CAPital EXpenditure) and OPEX (OPerational EXpenditure). This allowed us to determine the TCO (total cost of ownership) and TCRO (total cost and revenues of ownership) along three annuities (2022, 2025 and 2030). For the BEB alternative, the TCO and TCRO values are between EUR 0.58/km and EUR 0.91/km. In the case of the FCEB solution, the values of TCO and TCRO are between EUR 1.75/km and EUR 2.15/km. Considering the current CNGB solution, the TCO and TCRO values range between EUR 1.43/km and EUR 1.51/km

The Infrastructure for Sustainable Mobility

The objective of this chapter is to indicate in which direction cities must invest in order to become smart and sustainable in terms of mobility. On the basis of the current trends and considering technological innovation in the mobility sector, the chapter will address those aspects which the planners will have to take into account not only in the design of the new neighbourhoods, but also in the redevelopment of the recovery of the existing ones. The authors discuss both collective mobility and individual mobility, thus ranging from underground railways to electric scooters. In the final part, general criteria for sustainable mobility planning are provided

Innovative Freight Trasport: Case Study on New Technologies Reliability

Following the objectives set by COP26 and the milestones established by the European Union (EU) in the world of mobility, more and more road freight companies are starting an evolution process. Transport sector represents still the 30% of CO2 emission and in 2020 the heavy truck sector emissions reaches significant values: 1776 MtCO2. To face this problem and meets the requirements proposed by EU several companies begin to study the adoptable solutions for decarbonization. Therefore, they proposed several options to reduce emissions and increase efficiency in particular road electrification and platooning. Therefore, this work wants to analyze these technologies on the market, and then it tries to apply them in a real case, verifying if the electrical infrastructure requirements are respected in different scenarios. Finally, several considerations on the model and on the market are observed, in order to provide realistic expectations for the future