Developmental differences in children's understanding of marriage, divorce, and remarriage

One hundred and nineteen children in kindergarten, second, and fourth grades, living with never divorced biological parents or with divorced mothers, were interviewed with both open-and close-ended questions about their understanding of, and evaluative attitudes toward, marriage, divorce, remariiage, and stepfamilies. Results indicate clear developmental differences in children's understanding of these issues and in their opinions about marriage, divorce, and stepfamilies. No differences were found, however, between the understanding of children with divorced and nondivorced parents, or between boys and girls. Although children with divorced parents were more likely than children with nondivorced parents to expect themselves to divorce in the future, no other differences were found in their attitudes. Results are discussed within a constructivistic perspective of children's acquisition of social knowledge.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30867/1/0000530.pd

Peut-on apprendre sans désapprendre?

L’un des principaux objectifs de l’enseignement des sciences est d’aider les étudiants à modifier leur vision du monde. Cela est particulièrement important en physique, car les étudiants ont souvent des idées préconçues qui vont à l’encontre de ce qu’on tente de leur enseigner, précisément en ce qui concerne les concepts newtoniens. Parmi ces «  conceptions erronées  » documentées depuis des décennies, on estime qu’un grand nombre sont profondément ancrées dans leur esprit et difficiles à modifier. Les auteurs de cet article présentent quelques résultats issus d’une recherche qu’ils ont menée, découvertes qui ont transformé leur propre perception de la façon dont les étudiants apprennent la physique. Plusieurs des idées soumises ici pourraient aussi s’appliquer à d’autres disciplines, que ce soit dans un programme préuniversitaire ou technique

Characterizing asymptotically anti-de Sitter black holes with abundant stable gauge field hair

In the light of the "no-hair" conjecture, we revisit stable black holes in su(N) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory with a negative cosmological constant. These black holes are endowed with copious amounts of gauge field hair, and we address the question of whether these black holes can be uniquely characterized by their mass and a set of global non-Abelian charges defined far from the black hole. For the su(3) case, we present numerical evidence that stable black hole configurations are fixed by their mass and two non-Abelian charges. For general N, we argue that the mass and N-1 non-Abelian charges are sufficient to characterize large stable black holes, in keeping with the spirit of the "no-hair" conjecture, at least in the limit of very large magnitude cosmological constant and for a subspace containing stable black holes (and possibly some unstable ones as well).Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, minor change

The Chiral Soliton Model for Arbitrary Colors and Flavors

The quantum numbers of the chiral soliton are derived for an arbitrary number of colors and flavors

Toward a better understanding of task demands, workload, and performance during physician-computer interactions

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between (1) task demands and workload, (2) task demands and performance, and (3) workload and performance, all during physician-computer interactions in a simulated environment. METHODS: Two experiments were performed in 2 different electronic medical record (EMR) environments: WebCIS (n = 12) and Epic (n = 17). Each participant was instructed to complete a set of prespecified tasks on 3 routine clinical EMR-based scenarios: urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia (PN), and heart failure (HF). Task demands were quantified using behavioral responses (click and time analysis). At the end of each scenario, subjective workload was measured using the NASA-Task-Load Index (NASA-TLX). Physiological workload was measured using pupillary dilation and electroencephalography (EEG) data collected throughout the scenarios. Performance was quantified based on the maximum severity of omission errors. RESULTS: Data analysis indicated that the PN and HF scenarios were significantly more demanding than the UTI scenario for participants using WebCIS (P < .01), and that the PN scenario was significantly more demanding than the UTI and HF scenarios for participants using Epic (P < .01). In both experiments, the regression analysis indicated a significant relationship only between task demands and performance (P < .01). DISCUSSION: Results suggest that task demands as experienced by participants are related to participants' performance. Future work may support the notion that task demands could be used as a quality metric that is likely representative of performance, and perhaps patient outcomes. CONCLUSION: The present study is a reasonable next step in a systematic assessment of how task demands and workload are related to performance in EMR-evolving environments

Perceptions on tailored messages from a values clarification tool: a mixed-methods study of older adults with cancer

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess whether varying input communication factors impacted participants’ perceived confidence, motivation, and likelihood to act (i.e., share or discuss their preferences and values with their clinician or family/caregiver) when receiving tailored communication from a values-clarification tool.MethodsThis study was conducted over a two-month period at the North Carolina Basnight Cancer Hospital. Patients with hematologic malignancies participated in evaluating three distinct messages that varied on three input communication factors.ResultsResults from this study indicate that most study participants preferred messages that were moderately direct, contained succinct question prompts, and that were empowering. Results also indicate that diverse perspectives and external influences may impact confidence and motivation toward discussing preferences with their clinicians.DiscussionOur findings suggest the importance of validating the input communication factors within values-clarification tools before presenting results to patients and the need to evaluate potential disparities in patients’ participation toward discussing their preferences. Evidence from this study provides direction for future research efforts focused on improving shared decision-making among older adults