Electro-analytical characterization of carbon paste electrode for detection of Heavy Metal Ions

Carbon paste electrodes (CPE) as an electrochemical sensor has been fabricated using graphite powder and paraffin oil. The basic electrochemical parameters of the CPE electrode are characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Potassium ferricyanide K3[Fe(CN)6] solutions as benchmark media to check redox reactions. Results illustrated that electron transfer to the electrode surface was diffusion controlled by both the techniques. The detection limits are 8×10-5 M for K3Fe(CN)6 and 0.019 M for lead ion. The diffusion coefficient (D), no. of electron transfer, and charge transfer coefficient were also investigated

Electro-analytical characterization of carbon paste electrode for detection of heavy metal ion

562-565Carbon paste electrodes (CPE) as an electrochemical sensor has been fabricated using graphite powder and paraffin oil. The basic electrochemical parameters of the CPE electrode are characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Potassium ferricyanide K3[Fe(CN)6] solutions as benchmark media to check redox reactions. Results illustrated that electron transfer to the electrode surface was diffusion controlled by both the techniques. The detection limits are 8×10-5 M for K3Fe(CN)6 and 0.019 M for lead ion. The diffusion coefficient (D), no. of electron transfer, and charge transfer coefficient were also investigated

Rheological and functional properties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) leaves puree

Pureed form of leaves (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle)) was taken for physicochemical and rheological analysis at temperatures and TSS range of 278 K - 318 K and 3 - 5 °Brix respectively. The steady-state rheological analysis was performed with a shear rate of 1 - 100 s-1. Different rheological models are tried; Power-law was best fitted with the experimental data (R2 ≥0.98). Temperature dependence of viscosity was found out using an Arrhenius-type relationship at a shear rate of 10, 50, 100 s-1 IR analysis was done to know the influence of functional groups on rheological properties of purees. Consistency index (K) of puree increases with increase in TSS content but at a fixed TSS, there is a decrease in K with an increase in temperatures but the opposite was observed for flow behavior index (n). Puree showed a shear thinning behavior with an increment in temperature level and puree having 5 °Brix (8.37) has higher activation energy (kJ.mol-1) than 3 °Brix (6.32). 

Hidden location prediction using check-in patterns in location based social networks

Check-in facility in a Location Based Social Network (LBSN) enables people to share location information as well as real life activities. Analysing these historical series of check-ins to predict the future locations to be visited has been very popular in the research community. However, it has been found that people do not intend to share the privately visited locations and activities in a LBSN. Research into extrapolating unchecked locations from historical data is limited. Knowledge of hidden locations can have a wide range of benefits to society. It may help the investigating agencies in identifying possible places visited by a suspect, a marketing company in selecting potential customers for targeted marketing, for medical representatives in identifying areas for disease prevention and containment, etc. In this paper, we propose an Associative Location Prediction Model (ALPM), which infers privately visited unchecked locations from a published user trajectory. The proposed ALPM explores the association between a user's checked-in data, the Hidden Markov Model and proximal locations around a published check-in for predicting the unchecked or hidden locations. We evaluate ALPM on real-world Gowalla LBSN dataset for the users residing in Beijing, China. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the existing state of the art work in literature

An approach to compute user similarity for GPS applications

The proliferation of GPS enabled devices has led people to share locations both consciously and unconsciously. Large spatio-temporal data comprising of shared locations and whereabouts are now being routinely collected for analysis. As user movements are generally driven by their interests, so mining these mobility patterns can reveal commonalities between a pair of users. In this paper, we present a framework for mining the published trajectories to identify patterns in user mobility. In this framework, we extract the locations where a user stays for a period of time popularly known as stay points. These stay points help to identify the interests of a user. The statistics of pattern and check-in distributions over the GPS data are used to formulate similarity measures for finding K-nearest neighbors of an active user. In this work, we categorize the neighbors into three groups namely strongly similar, closely similar and weakly similar. We introduce three similarity measures to determine them, one for each of the categories. We perform experiments on a real-world GPS log data to find the similarity scores between a pair of users and subsequently find the effective K-neighbors. Experimental results show that our proposed metric outperforms existing metrics in literature

An approach to compute user similarity for GPS applications

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Knowledge-Based Systems and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2016.09.017.The proliferation of GPS enabled devices has led people to share locations both consciously and unconsciously. Large spatio-temporal data comprising of shared locations and whereabouts are now being routinely collected for analysis. As user movements are generally driven by their interests, so mining these mobility patterns can reveal commonalities between a pair of users. In this paper, we present a framework for mining the published trajectories to identify patterns in user mobility. In this framework, we extract the locations where a user stays for a period of time popularly known as stay points. These stay points help to identify the interests of a user. The statistics of pattern and check-in distributions over the GPS data are used to formulate similarity measures for finding K-nearest neighbors of an active user. In this work, we categorize the neighbors into three groups namely strongly similar, closely similar and weakly similar. We introduce three similarity measures to determine them, one for each of the categories. We perform experiments on a real-world GPS log data to find the similarity scores between a pair of users and subsequently find the effective K-neighbors. Experimental results show that our proposed metric outperforms existing metrics in literature

Electrochemical treatment of biodigester effluent of maize based starch industry

An electrochemical (EC) method for treating industrial wastewater involves compact facilities, easy operation and high efficiency. EC using iron electrode has been employed to effect the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour in biodigester effluent (BDE) of maize based starch industry. The operating parameters considered in this study are voltage (0-30 V), current density (CD) (49.5-247.5 A m-2) and pH (3.5-9.5). The maximum COD reduction of 89.2% is found at pH 6.5. Colour reduction at the same pH is 97% at current density 99A m-2. These reductions are achieved at a cost of 26 mg/dm-3 of BDE of electrode loss with the energy consumption of 7.85 Wh/dm-3 of BDE. The 55% settling is obtained in 30 min. at pH 6.5. Filtration studies of treated effluent and sludge have also been reported in this study. The EDAX analysis demonstrates the presence of various micro nutrients. TGA analysis of the sludge has also been presented

Electrochemical treatment of biodigester effluent of maize based starch industry

201-209<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic" lang="EN-GB">An electrochemical (EC) method for treating industrial wastewater involves compact facilities, easy operation and high efficiency. EC using iron electrode <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">has been employed to effect the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour in biodigester effluent (BDE) of maize based starch industry<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">.<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB"> The operating parameters considered in this study are voltage (0-30 V), current density (CD) (49.5-247.5 A m-2) and pH (3.5-9.5). The maximum COD reduction of 89.2% is found at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">pH 6.5. <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">Colour reduction at the same <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">pH is 97% at current density 99A m-2. These reductions are achieved at a cost of 26 mg/dm-3 of BDE of electrode loss with the energy consumption of 7.85 Wh/dm-3 of BDE. The 55% settling is obtained in 30 min. at pH 6.5. Filtration studies of treated effluent and sludge have also been reported in this study. The EDAX analysis demonstrates the presence of various micro nutrients. TGA analysis of the sludge has also been presented. </span

Treatment of rice grain based biodigester distillery effluent (BDE) using inorganic coagulants

491-496The removal of COD and colour from biodigester effluent (BDE) of rice grain based alcohol distillery plant has been studied using inorganic coagulant such as CaCO3, CuNO3 and Na2SiO3. CuNO3 is found to be more effective, among all coagulant. COD reduction of 78, 83 and 51% and colour reduction of 75, 78 and 41% is obtained using 60 mM CaCO3, 40 mM CuNO3 and 40 mM Na2SiO3 respectively, at their optimum initial pHi. The pH of effluent-coagulant mixture play a major role in removal of pollutant from the BDE. CuNO3 gives 83% COD reduction and 78% colour reduction along with good settling property. 82% settling occurred with alum in 25 min. The properties of filtrate and residues have also been analyzed

Study of Caspase 8 mutation in oral cancer and adjacent precancer tissues and implication in progression.

It is hypothesized that same driver gene mutations should be present in both oral leukoplakia and cancer tissues. So, we attempted to find out mutations at one of the driver genes, CASP8, in cancer and adjacent leukoplakia tissues. Patients (n = 27), affected by both of cancer and adjacent leukoplakia, were recruited for the study. Blood and tissue DNA samples were used to identify somatic mutations at CASP8 by next generation sequencing method. In total, 56% (15 out of 27) cancer and 30% (8 out of 27) leukoplakia tissues had CASP8 somatic mutations. In 8 patients, both cancer and adjacent leukoplakia tissues, located within 2-5 cm of tumor sites, had identical somatic mutations. But, in 7 patients, cancer samples had somatic mutations but none of the leukoplakia tissues, located beyond 5cm of tumor sites, had somatic mutations. Mutated allele frequencies at CASP8 were found to be more in cancer compared to adjacent leukoplakia tissues. This study provides mutational evidence that oral cancer might have progressed from previously grown leukoplakia lesion. Leukoplakia tissues, located beyond 5cm of cancer sites, were free from mutation. The study implies that CASP8 mutation could be one of the signatures for some of the leukoplakia to progress to oral cancer