Predicting Factors about Drug abuse among Students: an Application of Theory of Planned Behavior

Introduction: Drug abuse and addiction is expanding and is not restricted to a specific social class and age in Iran. Students as a talented and chosen group and are community creators in country. Therefore detection of related factors on the prevention of drug abuse in these people is necessary. One of the most effective and comprehensive explanation of the relationship between attitudes and behavior is Theory of Planned Behavior. This study was conducted by aimed to determine predictors of drug abuse in Yazd University of Medical Sciences students, based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by simple randomized sampling among 120 students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire in self report, consisted of two parts, 31 demographic and background questions and items relating to the theory of planned behavior consisted, attitude 10 items (α=0.83) score range 10-50, subjective norms 4 items (α=0.75) score range 4-20, perceived behavioral control 2 items (α=0.81) scores range 2-10 and behavioral intention 4 items (α=0.89) score range was 4-20. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 and with the help of descriptive statistics and analytical tests such as independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis at α=0.05. Results: The average age of participants was 23.49 ±3.27 with range of 18-35 years. 73.3 percent were female and 26.7 percent were male. 8.3 percent had smoking history and 6.7 percent had a history of drug abuse. The attitude score mean respectively were 24.8±6.15, subjective norms  11.10±2.52, perceived behavioral control 6.85±1.86, and behavioral intention 10.95±3.35. Women attitudes (p=0.016) and behavioral intention (p=0.013) in substance use were more positive than men. Married subjective norms (p=0.04) behavioral intention (p=0.042) in substance use were higher than single. Attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral intention had a direct significant relationship and with perceived behavioral control had an inverse significant relationship. Attitudes and subjective norms were predicted respectively 35 and 39 percent of the variance participants' behavioral intentions regarding drug abuse. Conclusion: Attitudes, Persuasive subjective norms, positive behavioral intention toward drug abuse were in middle level and perceived behavioral control in the absence of drug abuse was in the upper-middle level among the students. Considering that attitude and subjective norms were good predictors on behavioral intention, Therefore, the implementation of a training program tailored to the theory, is emphasized

Abroad Travelers Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice regard AIDS, Hepatitis B and Influenza

Introduction:  Constantly number of travelers are growing and they are  exposed to superimpose disease risks it’s morbidity caused by endemic disease of their destination. International travel are the major cause of infectious disease outbreak. Asia-Oceaninca have growing number of tourist. Deficiency of information on Travelers knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding infectious disease is concerned. This survey was conducted in order to assess travelers knowledge, attitudes and practice regard AIDS, hepatitis B and Influenza. Methods: this study is a descriptive cross-sectional which was conducted among travelers in Imam Khomeini airport. Simple random sampling was used. Data were collected through standard questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS-16 and statistics test such as Anova, T test, cross tab, correlation, regression. Results: the mean age of participants was 34.66± 10.31. Education level of 47.3 percent of travelers was college and a bachelor's degree. highest rate of travelers knowledge were regarding AIDS 81.5% and Influenza 80%, in while knowledge regard hepatitis B was lower(48.5%). Highest rate of travelers practice was  related to AIDS. Conclusion: attention to this survey results of intermediate knowledge and practice, fine attitudes and concern to international travel cause transmitting of diseases and their epidemy , it’s recommended  in order to educate travelers to abroad via curriculum, poster, pamphlet , radio, TV , an urgent measure should be taken

Effect of Education on Preventive Treatment of Prostate Cancer in men Over 40 Years of Yazd on the Health Belief Model

Introduction: prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, accordingly the aim of this study was to determine the extent of the impact of education on prostate cancer-related behaviors in male city of Yazd is based on the health belief model. Methods: this study was an experimental study of an intervention-that the population it consists of men over 40 years of Yazd, which is one of the first degree relatives they have had prostate cancer. The sample size of each group is based on a formula 40 people recovered and then score related to the attitude and awareness and performance of individuals sampled before training and then 3 months later obtained from intervention on the basis of a questionnaire SPSS18 software and t-student test and chi-square was investigated. Results: The mean age of the participants in the experimental group 54.55±8.33 and the average age of the participants in the control group 55.02±8.69,.Knowledge of the test and control groups before and after the intervention were expressed on the basis of differences in knowledge scores in the first stage ( pre- intervention ) in both experimental and control groups was not significant .In the second phase ( post- intervention ) and control groups was significant difference between the mean score of knowledge(p=0.000). Conclusion: The study suggests that by raising awareness among people over 40 years can be better and more effective prevention practices applied in society

The Study of Dangerous Behavior of Drivers in the Yazd City in 2013

Introduction: driving violations rate in IRAN are very high and adverse consequences resulting from it has led that driving violations are one of the most important social issues in the country. Due to increasing violations in Iran in recent years, present study has attempted to examine risky driving behaviors. Methods: This study was cross-sectional study. In this study, the target population was all light vehicle drivers in the Yazd city who have committed a traffic violation. The sample size for performing the study was 300 subjects. Sampling method was cluster. Data was collected using a questionnaire during the pilot study had proven the validity and reliability of different parts. After gathering, data was analyzed using spss18 software, Anova, T-test, correlation and regression. Results: Participants in this study were 288 men and 12 women. Average age of subjects was 33.29 years that 49% of subjects, were in age group 18-30 years. 73 (24.3%) of subjects were single and 227 (75.7 percent) were married. High-risk behaviors are reported while driving, talking with other passengers (73.6 percent), consuming foodstuff (42.7 percent), unfasten the safety belt (38.7 percent) and talk on cell phone (36.7 percent), non-compliance gap length (27.4 percent), the illegal speed (34 percent), illegal overtaking (22 percent) and driving fatigue (17%). Between age and risky driving behaviors, there was an correlation that dangerous behavior is increased by increasing age. there was an relationship between driving experience and risky behavior. Conclusions: Extraordinary expansion of driving offenses and  its harmful consequences has made it as one of the country's most important social issues that should be considered. Therefore, it is recommended that driving offenses are more considered as a social problem in scientific public. According into the results of this study suggest that a systematic plan should be performed to train people about the traffic rules until to keep traffic under control