Letter from L. A. Maynard to John Muir, 1901 Nov 25.

LA SALLE A. MAYNARDProprietor and ManagerTHE BEST THOUSAND OF THE BEST MINDSTHE MAYNARD PRESS AGENCY83 BIBLE HOUSENEW YORK November 25th, 1901Mr. John Muir,My Dear Sir:You may remember that a year or more ago, in response to a request of mine, you raised the hope that 1 might be favored with an article from you on some topic in the line of your special study or research.This is simply to say that 1 shall be very glad if you will send me such an article now at your early convenience.As I wrote before, the material sent out by me appears only in high-class newspapers, such as the Boston Transcript , and the New York Tribune , and I have among my regular contributors such men as Dr. Edward Everett Hale, Prof. Simon Newcomb, Prof. N. S. Shaler President Hyde of Bowdoin College. As to a topic, I have only to suggest that you take something in the line of your investigations in Alaska, or among the forests of the Pacific slope. For an article of noteless than fifteen hundred words I shall be willing to pay $40.Yours truly,[0[illegible]228

Letter from L. A. Maynard to John Muir, 1900 Sep 26.

LA SALLE A. MAYNARDProprietor andManagerTHE BEST THOUGHTS OF THE BEST MINDSTHE MAYNARD PRESS AGENCY83 BIBLE HOUSENew York, Sept. 26, 190Mr. John Muir,My Dear Sir:-I write to ask if I may be favored with an article from you sometime during the coming year (1901) which I may send out for publication in the papers patronizing my agency. I would like an article of not less than 1500 words on some question or topic of the day coming within the lines of your special study or research. For an article of this kind, of the length indicated, I will pay $50.I may add that articles sent out by me appear only in high class dailies and weeklies and not in any of the sensational sheets. Among my regular newspaper patrons are the Boston Transcript, the New York Evening Post and New York Tribune, the Philadelphia Record and the Chicago Record. Among those who have written for my agency during the present year are the Hon. James Bryce, M. P., General O. O. Howard, Dr. Theodore Cuyler, Prof. Edward S. Holden, President Charles F. Thwing and Dr. Carroll D. Wright, United States Labor Commissioner.If I am favored with the promise of an article during 1901, I will give you ample notice of the time when MSS. will be needed.Yours very truly,L A Maynar

A solvable model of the evolutionary loop

A model for the evolution of a finite population in a rugged fitness landscape is introduced and solved. The population is trapped in an evolutionary loop, alternating periods of stasis to periods in which it performs adaptive walks. The dependence of the average rarity of the population (a quantity related to the fitness of the most adapted individual) and of the duration of stases on population size and mutation rate is calculated.Comment: 6 pages, EuroLaTeX, 1 figur

Prisoner's Dilemma cellular automata revisited: evolution of cooperation under environmental pressure

We propose an extension of the evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma cellular automata, introduced by Nowak and May \cite{nm92}, in which the pressure of the environment is taken into account. This is implemented by requiring that individuals need to collect a minimum score $U_{min}$, representing indispensable resources (nutrients, energy, money, etc.) to prosper in this environment. So the agents, instead of evolving just by adopting the behaviour of the most successful neighbour (who got $U^{msn}$), also take into account if $U^{msn}$ is above or below the threshold $U_{min}$. If $U^{msn}<U_{min}$ an individual has a probability of adopting the opposite behaviour from the one used by its most successful neighbour. This modification allows the evolution of cooperation for payoffs for which defection was the rule (as it happens, for example, when the sucker's payoff is much worse than the punishment for mutual defection). We also analyse a more sophisticated version of this model in which the selective rule is supplemented with a "win-stay, lose-shift" criterion. The cluster structure is analyzed and, for this more complex version we found power-law scaling for a restricted region in the parameter space.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures; added figures and revised tex

Quantum mechanics gives stability to a Nash equilibrium

We consider a slightly modified version of the Rock-Scissors-Paper (RSP) game from the point of view of evolutionary stability. In its classical version the game has a mixed Nash equilibrium (NE) not stable against mutants. We find a quantized version of the RSP game for which the classical mixed NE becomes stable.Comment: Revised on referee's criticism, submitted to Physical Review

Effects of precompetition state anxiety interventions on performance time and accuracy among amateur soccer players: Revisiting the matching hypothesis

In this study, we tested the matching ypothesis, which contends that administration of a cognitive or somatic anxiety intervention should be matched to a participant's dominant anxiety response. Sixty-one male soccer players (mean age 31.6 years, s=6.3) were assigned to one of four groups based on their responses to the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, which was modified to include a directional scale. Interventions were randomly administered in a counterbalanced order 10 min before each performance trial on a soccer skill test. The dominantly cognitive anxious group (n=17), the dominantly somatic anxious group (n=17), and the non-anxious control intervention group (n=14) completed a baseline performance trial. The second and third trials were completed with random administration of brief cognitive and somatic interventions. The non-anxious control group (n=13) completed three trials with no intervention. A mixed-model, GroupTreatment multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant (P0.05), or performance time or accuracy (P>0.05). The present findings do not provide support for the matching hypothesis for state anxiety intensity and direction, or for performance

Metodologias de índices para análise da sustentabilidade em bacias hidrográficas.

A manutenção da quantidade e qualidade dos recursos hídricos é um desafio a ser equacionado na atualidade, tendo em vista que este recurso é indispensável para diversas formas de vida na terra. Os Índices e os indicadores de sustentabilidade tem sido utilizados como importantes ferramentas no processo de planejamento e gestão dos recursos hídricos. Os índices/indicadores podem expressar a situação atual de uma bacia hidrográfica, em dados quantitativos, tornando a análise de uma situação, mensurável. Este trabalho teve como o objetivo analisar seis publicações científicas disponíveis em periódicos na web que utilizaram índices de sustentabilidade em bacias hidrográficas. O procedimento metodológico consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica, que analisa algumas metodologias com propostas de fornecer informações de modo a subsidiar a gestão dos recursos hídricos

Low-temperature heat transfer in nanowires

The new regime of low-temperature heat transfer in suspended nanowires is predicted. It takes place when (i) only ``acoustic'' phonon modes of the wire are thermally populated and (ii) phonons are subject to the effective elastic scattering. Qualitatively, the main peculiarities of heat transfer originate due to appearance of the flexural modes with high density of states in the wire phonon spectrum. They give rise to the $T^{1/2}$ temperature dependence of the wire thermal conductance. The experimental situations where the new regime is likely to be detected are discussed.Comment: RevTex file, 1 PS figur

Origin of complexity in multicellular organisms

Through extensive studies of dynamical system modeling cellular growth and reproduction, we find evidence that complexity arises in multicellular organisms naturally through evolution. Without any elaborate control mechanism, these systems can exhibit complex pattern formation with spontaneous cell differentiation. Such systems employ a `cooperative' use of resources and maintain a larger growth speed than simple cell systems, which exist in a homogeneous state and behave 'selfishly'. The relevance of the diversity of chemicals and reaction dynamics to the growth of a multicellular organism is demonstrated. Chaotic biochemical dynamics are found to provide the multi-potency of stem cells.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, Physical Review Letters, 84, 6130, (2000