21 research outputs found

    Verarbeitungseigenschaften und gesundheitliche QualitÀt von industriell hergestellten MöhrensÀften aus ökologisch erzeugten Möhren

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    Die Eignung aus Japan stammender Möhren (Daucus carota L. var. Nutri Red) fĂŒr ökologischen Anbau und Bio-Saftherstellung nach gewerblichen/industriellen Standardverfahren wurde im Rahmen des Projektes geprĂŒft. Diese Möhren enthalten das gesundheitsfördernde Carotinoid Lycopin, das sonst fast ausschließlich in Tomaten vorkommt. Die Carotinoidgehalte der frischen Möhren (Lycopin, Beta-Carotin, Phytoen, Phytofluen) bleiben wĂ€hrend der Saftherstellung nach einem Standardverfahren weitgehend erhalten; cis-Isomere des Lycopins entstehen nicht. Wasserlösliche Inhaltsstoffe mit einem hohen antioxidativen Potential und damit möglicherweise gesundheitsfördernder Wirkung reichern sich im Saft an. Aus ökologisch erzeugten Nutri Red-Möhren kann damit ein ernĂ€hrungsphysiologisch hochwertiger Bio-Saft erzeugt werden. Aus einem vom Projektpartner Fruchtsaft Bayer & Co. produzierten Direktsaft wurde vom Projektpartner Haus Rabenhorst ein marktfĂ€higer Prototyp entwickelt, der als "Bio-Lycopin-Möhrensaft" im Rahmen einer Marktanalyse zur Zeit in Apotheken, ReformhĂ€usern und im Naturkosthandel angeboten wird. Ein erheblicher Anteil der gesundheitsfördernden Carotinoide wird wĂ€hrend der Saftherstellung nach Standardverfahren im nicht weiter verwertbaren PressrĂŒckstand angereichert. Untersuchungen im Labormaßstab haben gezeigt, dass zellgewebemodifizierende Enzyme den Carotinoidgehalt der SĂ€fte durch Nutzung der "Reserven" im PressrĂŒck-stand erheblich steigern können. Kritisch ist die optimale Durchmischung einer En-zymkombination aus jeweils 10 g Zellulase und Pektinase je kg Möhrenmaische z.B. durch VerdĂŒnnung mit vorab hergestelltem Möhrensaft. Neben den mit ĂŒber 50 % deutlich höheren Carotinoidgehalten wird mir diesem Verfahren gleichzeitig die Saftausbeute um ca. 10 % gesteigert. So erzeugter Saft enthĂ€lt je kg 70 mg all-trans-Lycopin, 40 mg all-trans-Beta-Carotin und insgesamt 125 mg Carotinoide. Die VerfahrensĂŒbertragung in den Pilotmaßstab sollte wiederholt werden

    Enrichment of starch-based extruded cereals with chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace: Influence of processing conditions on techno-functional and sensory related properties, dietary fibre and polyphenol content as well as in vitro digestibility

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    Aiming at providing prototypes for ready-to-eat texturised (RTE) cereal products with reduced glycaemic load, starch blends with chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace powder (CPP) rich in dietary fibre (DF) and polyphenols (PP) were extruded using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The CPP ratios (25%, 50%) and processing conditions applied (barrel temperature 100 °C, screw speed 200, 400, 600, 800 min−1, water content 13%, 23%) result in specific mechanical energies of 87–336 Whkg−1 and material temperatures of 111–155 °C. Extrudates containing 25% CPP still offer acceptable techno-functional and sensory related physical properties, while higher CPP ratios result in decreased expansion and cell pore size of the slightly darker and softer extrudates. The in vitro glucose release of both extruded blends is reduced by 25% and 50%, respectively. The DF contents are unaffected. As expected, anthocyanins are degraded by about 70% in both blends while phenolic acids and flavonols are fully retained. All PP are already accessible during the stomach phase of an in vitro digestion and are not changed significantly in the intestinal phases. Overall, these data substantiate, that marketable texturised RTE extruded cereals may be developed based on the results presented and on further sensory analysis

    Extrusion processing of pure chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace: impact on dietary fiber profile and bioactive compounds

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    The partial substitution of starch with dietary fiber (DF) in extruded ready-to-eat texturized (RTE) cereals has been suggested as a strategy to reduce the high glycemic index of these food products. Here, we study the impact of extrusion processing on pure chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace powder (CPP) rich in DF and polyphenols (PP) focusing on the content and profile of the DF fractions, stability of PP, and techno-functional properties of the extrudates. Using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, different screw speeds were applied to CPP with different water contents (cw_{w}), which resulted in specific mechanical energies (SME) in the range of 145–222 Whkg−1^{-1} and material temperatures (TM_{M}) in the range of 123–155 °C. High molecular weight soluble DF contents slightly increase with increasing thermomechanical stress up to 16.1 ± 0.8 g/100 g dm as compared to CPP (11.5 ± 1.2 g/100 g dm), but total DF (TDF) contents (58.6 ± 0.8 g/100 g dm) did not change. DF structural analysis revealed extrusion-based changes in the portions of pectic polysaccharides (type I rhamnogalacturonan) in the soluble and insoluble DF fractions. Contents of thermolabile anthocyanins decrease linearly with SME and temperature from 1.80 ± 0.09 g/100 g dm in CPP to 0.24 ± 0.06 g/100 g dm (222 Whkg−1_{-1}, 155 °C), but phenolic acids and flavonoids appear to be largely unaffected. Resulting techno-functional (water absorption and water solubility) and physical properties related to the sensory characteristics (expansion, hardness, and color) of pure CPP extrudates support the expectation that granulated CPP extrudates may be a suitable food ingredient rich in DF and PP

    Impact of defined thermomechanical treatment on the structure and content of dietary fiber and the stability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace

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    Dietary fiber is a potential replacement for other ingredients such as starch in reformulated extruded breakfast cereals. Analysis of chokeberry pomace powder revealed a total dietary fiber content of 57.8 ± 2 g/100 g with 76% being insoluble, 20% high molecular soluble and 4% low molecular soluble dietary fiber. The fiber polysaccharide composition was analyzed in detail by using a variety of analytical approaches. Extrusion-like processing conditions were studies in a Closed Cavity Rheometer enabling the application of defined thermal (temperature range 100–160 °C) and mechanical treatments (shear rates between 0.1 s−1^{-1} and 50 s−1^{-1}) to chokeberry pomace powder. Application of temperatures up to 140 °C irrespective of the mechanical treatment does not remarkably alter dietary fiber structure or content, but reduces the initial content of total polyphenols by about 40% to a final content of 3.3 ± 0.5 g/100 g including 0.63 ± 0.1 g/100 g of anthocyanins, 0.18 ± 0.02 g/100 g of phenolic acids and 0.090 ± 0.007 g/100 g of flavonols, respectively. The retained polyphenols are fully bioaccessible after in vitro digestion, and antioxidant capacity remains unchanged as compared to the untreated pomace powder. Glucose bioaccessibility remains unaffected, whereas glucose content is reduced. It is concluded that chokeberry pomace powder is a good source of dietary fiber with the potential to partially substitute starch in extruded breakfast cereals

    Bewertung von Lebensmitteln verschiedener Produktionsverfahren - Statusbericht 2003

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    INHALTSVERZEICHNIS: 1 Einleitung 2 Zur Struktur der Studie 3 QualitĂ€t von Lebensmitteln nach Produktionsverfahren 3.1 ProzessqualitĂ€t 3.1.1 Verfahrensweisen und Elemente der ProzessqualitĂ€t bei der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung 3.1.1.1 Ökobilanzen 3.1.1.2 Vergleich der Produktionsverfahren fĂŒr einzelne Umweltwirkungsbereiche 3.1.2 ProzessqualitĂ€t unter besonderer BerĂŒcksichtigung der Verarbeitung 3.1.3 ProzessqualitĂ€t der Erzeugnisse - Bewertung durch Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher 3.1.4 Schlussfolgerungen, Empfehlungen und Forschungsbedarf im Bereich der ProzessqualitĂ€t 3.2 ProduktqualitĂ€t 3.2.1 Vom Produktionsverfahren unabhĂ€ngige EinflĂŒsse auf die ProduktqualitĂ€t 3.2.2 Gesetzlich vorgeschriebene QualitĂ€t (Lebensmittelsicherheit) 3.2.3 ErnĂ€hrungsphysiologische QualitĂ€t 3.2.4 Genusswert 3.2.5 Eignungswert 3.2.6 Schlussfolgerungen, Empfehlungen und Forschungsbedarf im Bereich der ProduktqualitĂ€t 4 KomplementĂ€re AnsĂ€tze zur Erfassung der LebensmittelqualitĂ€ten 4.1 Bildschaffende Methoden 4.2 Nachernteverhalten 4.3 Fluoreszenz-Anregungs-Spektroskopie 4.4 Physiologischer AminosĂ€urenstatus 4.5 Elektrochemische Methoden 4.6 Futterwahl und FĂŒtterungsversuche 4.7 Konsequenzen fĂŒr die Forschung zur Erfassung der Lebensmittel- qualitĂ€t - Modellvorstellungen 5. Sozioökonomische Aspekte ökologisch erzeugter Lebensmittel in Deutschland 5.1 Ökologisch erzeugte Lebensmittel aus Verbrauchersicht 5.2 Auswirkungen von ökologischen ErnĂ€hrungsstilen auf die Kosten im Gesundheitswesen und auf den Ressourcenverbrauch 5.2.1 Auswirkungen auf die Kosten im Gesundheitswesen 5.2.2 Auswirkungen auf die Kosten in den Bereichen Umwelt und Ressourcen 5.3 Nachhaltige Entwicklung im BedĂŒrfnisfeld ErnĂ€hrung 5.4 Aspekte des Marktes fĂŒr ökologisch erzeugte Lebensmittel 5.5 Ökologisch erzeugte Lebensmittel in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung (GV) 5.6 Schlussfolgerungen, Empfehlungen und Forschungsbedarf zu sozioökonomischen Aspekten bei Bio-Lebensmitteln 6 Schlussfolgerungen, Empfehlungen und Forschungsbedarf 6.1 ProzessqualitĂ€t 6.1.1 Ökobilanzen ĂŒber Umweltwirkungsbereiche 6.1.2 Erzeugung von Lebensmitteln (Tierhaltung) 6.1.3 Lebensmittelverarbeitung 6.1.4 Bewertung durch den Verbraucher 6.2 ProduktqualitĂ€t 6.2.1 Produktspezifischer Forschungsbedarf bei pflanzlichen Erzeugnissen 6.2.2 Produktspezifischer Forschungsbedarf fĂŒr Bio-Lebensmittel 6.2.3 Produktspezifische QualitĂ€tssicherung bei vom Tier stammenden Erzeugnissen 6.3 KomplementĂ€re Methoden der QualitĂ€tserfassung 6.4 Sozioökonomische Aspekte 6.4.1 Ökologisch erzeugte Lebensmittel aus Verbrauchersicht 6.4.2 Auswirkungen von ökologischen ErnĂ€hrungsstilen auf die Kosten im Gesundheitswesen und auf den Ressourcenverbrauch 6.4.3 Aspekte des Marktes 6.4.4 Ökologische Erzeugnisse in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung (GV) 6.5 Schlussbetrachtung Anhang 1: Literatur Anhang 2: BegriffserlĂ€uterungen/Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen Anhang 3: Grundlagen des Lebensmittelrechts Anhang 4: Ganzheitlichkeit in der Lebensmittelsmittelforschun

    Stability of Chokeberry Bioactive Polyphenols during Juice Processing and Stabilization of a Polyphenol-Rich Material from the By-Product

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    Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) are nowadays believed to exhibit potential cardioprotective and antidiabetic effects principally due to their high content in bioactive phenolic compounds. The stability of the phenolic compounds was studied during different stages of a juice production line and a method for the valorization of pomace was evaluated. Samples were taken from a commercial juice production plant, extracted and analyzed for phenolic constituents and antioxidant potential. Prototypes of functional food ingredients were produced from the pomace by wet milling and micro-milling. Alongside juice processing, the contents of phenolic berry constituents did not vary to a great extent and the overall antioxidant activity increased by about 34%. A high quality juice and a by-product still rich in polyphenols resulted from the process. The phenolic compounds content and the overall antioxidant activity remained stable when milling and micro-milling the pomace. During coarse milling, extractability of total phenolic compounds increased significantly (40% to 50%). Nanosized materials with averaged particle sizes (x50,0) of about 90 nm were obtained by micro-milling. These materials showed significantly enhanced extractability of total phenolic compounds (25%) and total phenolic acid (30%), as well as antioxidant activity (35%), with unchanged contents of total procyanidins and anthocyanins contents

    Edible solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as carrier system for antioxidants of different lipophilicity

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    <div><p>Ferulic acid (FA) and tocopherol (Toc) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by a hot homogenisation method. The particle size distribution, zeta potential and melting behaviour of the SLN as well as the stability, encapsulation efficiency and radical scavenging activity of FA and Toc in the SLN were analysed. The different formulations containing up to 2.8 mg g<sup>−1</sup> of FA or Toc were stable during at least 15 weeks of storage at room temperature. Despite partial degradation and / or release of FA and Toc during storage, significant radical scavenging activity was maintained. DSC measurements and radical scavenging tests after different time periods revealed that the re-structuring of the lipid matrix was connected to the enhanced antioxidant activity of Toc but did not affect the activity of FA.</p></div

    Proportions of peak 1, peak 2 and peak 3 in melting curves of SLN containing different amounts of FA (A-C) or Toc (D-F).

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    <p>The dataset is available in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0171662#pone.0171662.s003" target="_blank">S3 Dataset</a>.</p
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