Primary peritoneal hydatidosis in a 76-year-old farmer: An unusual form of a common disease

A 76-year-old farmer presented at our emergency unit with a history of gradual swelling of abdomen without fever, nausea, or urticaria. On examination there was symmetrical enlargement of abdomen with fluid thrill. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed that the entire peritoneal cavity was distended and occupied by multiloculated noncalcified content of mixed attenuations. Diagnosis of peritoneal seeding of hydatid cyst was made. At laparotomy, about 25 l of daughter cysts and a membrane was found in the peritoneal cavity without other organ involvement. Postoperative period was uneventful

Transcaval ureter: A rare embryological anomaly of inferior vena cava causing obstructive uropathy

Transcaval ureter is a rare condition caused by abnormality in the embryogenesis of the inferior vena cava (IVC). It results from a segmental duplication of the IVC which creates a venous ring that encircles the right ureter. Here, we report a case of a 42-year-old female who presented to us with a history of right flank pain for 2 years. Ultrasonography, intravenous urogram, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen suggested it to be a retrocaval ureter. On exploration, contrary to the report of imaging, the ureter was found to transverse in between two segments of IVC and thus on table, a diagnosis of the right transcaval ureter as the cause of obstruction was made. The patient underwent segmental ureteral resection followed by ureteroureterostomy. Follow-up CECT scan was done to document two segments of IVC and thus confirm our intraoperative finding

A comprehensive mechanistic basis of prostate cancer advancement & its personalized implementation-bridging the gap: present state and future prospect

Despite significant achievements in prostate cancer mechanistic understanding and its targeted therapies, currently there exists several major challenges that mainly arises during the therapy of advanced prostate cancer. Present prostate cancer precision medicine strategy principally suffers from several practical concerns, particularly in point of therapeutic resistance, tumor heterogeneity, complex clinical & pathological behavior and an extensive genomic perturbation landscape. Prostate Cancer Systems-Medicine Initiative is a global trans-disciplinary movement taken from corresponding scientific domains to critically determine the nature of this major existing challenges and its corresponding most possible solutions by systematically accumulating the present existing knowledge. Basically, it explains the importance of broad spectrum cancer hallmark based integrative approaches for development of combination therapy associated strategic measures for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. The major findings of this initiative can be summarized by identification of 136 therapeutic resistance mediators, 103 prostate cancer driver oncogenes and 8 progression pathways along with 5 terrain factors which centrally drives the basic events in prostate cancer pathogenesis, its further metastatic propagation and ultimate therapeutic resistance. In addition, it also attempts to summarize the critical features and basic challenging aspects of current therapeutic options