Radiochemical synthesis of pure anhydrous metal halides

Method uses radiation chemistry as practical tool for inorganic preparations and in particular deposition of metals by irradiation of their aqueous metal salt solutions with high energy electrons. Higher valence metal halide is dissolved in organic liquid and exposed to high energy electrons. This causes metal halide to be reduced to a lower valence metal halide

Production of pure metals

A process for depositing elements by irradiating liquids is reported. Ultra pure elements are precipitated from aqueous solutions or suspensions of compounds. A solution of a salt of a metal to be prepared is irradiated, and the insoluble reaction product settles out. Some chemical compounds may also be prepared in this manner

Paying attention to meaning

Several paradigms show that responses to one event compromise responses to a second event for around 500 ms. Such effects are generally attributed to attentional capacity limitations associated with processing information in the first event. In a task in which targets could be distinguished only by their meaning, we varied the semantic relationship between distractors and targets following at different lags. Semantic relatedness alone produced a classic attentional blink. We conclude by discussing how attention theory might best accommodate these new effects

Trapping of hydrogen atoms in X-irradiated salts at room temperature and the decay kinetics

The salts (hypophosphites, formates, a phosphite, a phosphate, and an oxalate) were X-irradiated, whereby hydrogen formed chemically by a radiolytic process becomes trapped in the solid. By room temperature vacuum extraction, the kinetics for the evolution of this trapped hydrogen was studied mass spectrometrically. All salts except two exhibited second-order kinetics. The two exceptions (NaH2PO2(H2O) and K2HPO4) showed first-order kinetics. Based on experimental results, the escape of hydrogen involves three steps: the diffusion of hydrogen atoms from the bulk to the surface, association of these atoms on the surface (rate controlling step for second-order hydrogen evolution), and the desorption of molecular hydrogen from the surface. The hydrogen does not escape if the irradiated salt is stored in air, apparently because adsorbed air molecules occupy surface sites required in the escape mechanism

DDT for the protection of stored potatoes

At the strengths used, DDT, derris and pyrethrum-piperonyl butoxide as dusts and DDT-impregnated Chapman sacks and sugar-bags were all efficacious in protecting stored tubers when the initial infestation was less than 4 P.er cent. DDT dusts, ranging in concentration from 0.5 to 2 per cent., and containers treated in DDT emulsions ranging in concentration from 0.5 to 2.5 per cent. arrested infestations varying from 8 to 35 per cent. satisfactorily. The higher levels of DDT were more efficacious, however, when the initial infestation exceeded 20 per cent. Results with pieces of DDT-impregnated burlap and DDT-treated paper strips placed among the tubers were not conclusive. A 2 per cent. DDT dust applied at the rate of 1 lb. per bag, and a dipping strength of 2 per cent. DDT emulsion for impregnating containers, were considered the most efficacious for general application in the field. Second-hand lightweight hessian sugar-bags provide a satisfactory alternative to the standard Chapman sacks for storing tubers. Multiple-layered paper bags are not suitable for storing tubers under Queensland conditions. Quantities of DDT are transferred to tubers when DDT-impregnated containers are handled. DDT residues on tubers, whether acquired from the container or from dust application, persist during storage but are reduced to within safe limits during handling from store and preparation for the table

New genera and species of Dacinae (Trypetidae, Diptera) from Queensland

During studies concerned with the ecology, recording of native hosts and control of the economic species of fruit flies occurring in Queensland, three new species of Dacinae have been discovered. Two of these have been bred from their native hosts, while all three were caught in lure traps placed in either citrus or deciduous fruit orchards. Two new genera - Neozeugodacus (genotype, N. aureus) and Diplodacus (genotype, Dacus signatifer Tryon) - have been established. New species described in addition to Neozeugodacus aureus are Strumeta mutabilis and Afrodacus mesoniger

The cotton jassid problem in Queensland

The cotton jassid (Empoasca masculata) affecting American Upland varieties of cotton grown in Queensland is shown to differ from the more important species affecting species elsewhere in that it restricts its activity to the terminal growth of the plant. Soil condition, cultural treatment, time of planting, and variety of cotton are shown to influence plant susceptibility to jassid injury. The breeding of jassid-resistant varieties is stated to be the only control measure which is likely to practicable

Jassid resistance in the cotton plant

Terminal injury by jassids, expressed as grades of plant reaction, can be related to the nymphal population, irrespective of variety and state of growth of the crop. This association enables a determination of varietal susceptibility based on injury symptoms. For each variety, susceptibility to jassid attack can be expressed as a plant resistance index. The method of sampling populations and the various grades of plant reaction recognised from normality to the extreme of jassid damage are described

Potato tuber moth (Gnorimoschema operculella (Zell.)) investigations in southern Queensland

Three (sometimes two) applications of 1 lb DDT per acre at fortnightly intervals prevented infestation of tops during most of the growing period of the spring-planted crop and reduced the likelihood of tuber infestation. DDT was more effective as a spray than a dust; sprays produced increases of up to 17% in number and 43% in weight of table quality tubers. The proper integration of DDT spraying and hilling is essential for Gnorimoschema control, as each fulfils a separate but complementary role in ensuring the maximum production of sound tubers