Rastreando historia social a partir de datos sincrónicos lingüísticos y etnográficos: la prehistoria del contacto entre resígaro y bora

The Amazonian language Resígaro was heavily influenced by the unrelated, neighboring Bora language. Bora influence involves cultural assimilation, some loanwords, and heavy morphological borrowing. What social circumstances lead to this influence? This paper reviews our current knowledge about the cultural and linguistic features that Resígaro borrowed from Bora and interprets these as reflecting a particular social history involving bilingualism and ceremonial exchange.La lengua amazónica resígaro presenta fuertes influencias del bora, lengua vecina con la que no está no relacionada genéticamente. Estas influencias incluyen la asimilación cultural, algunos préstamos léxicos, y numerosos préstamos morfológicos y de estructuras gramaticales. ¿Qué circunstancias sociales condujeron a este tipo de influencias? Este artículo revisa nuestro conocimiento actual acerca de las características culturales y lingüísticas que el resígaro comparte con el bora y las interpreta como un reflejo de una historia social caracterizada por el bilingüismo y el intercambio ceremonial

Evidence for adolescent length growth spurts in bonobos and other primates highlights the importance of scaling laws

Adolescent growth spurts (GSs) in body length seem to be absent in non-human primates and are considered a distinct human trait. However, this distinction between present and absent length-GSs may reflect a mathematical artefact that makes it arbitrary. We first outline how scaling issues and inappropriate comparisons between length (linear) and weight (volume) growth rates result in misleading interpretations like the absence of length-GSs in non-human primates despite pronounced weight-GSs, or temporal delays between length- and weight-GSs. We then apply a scale-corrected approach to a comprehensive dataset on 258 zoo-housed bonobos that includes weight and length growth as well as several physiological markers related to growth and adolescence. We found pronounced GSs in body weight and length in both sexes. Weight and length growth trajectories corresponded with each other and with patterns of testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 levels, resembling adolescent GSs in humans. We further re-interpreted published data of non-human primates, which showed that aligned GSs in weight and length exist not only in bonobos. Altogether, our results emphasize the importance of considering scaling laws when interpreting growth curves in general, and further show that pronounced, human-like adolescent length-GSs exist in bonobos and probably also many other non-human primates

Title: Local convergence of behavior across species

This file summarizes how to replicate the results of the main manuscript and the supplementary material for the article "Local convergence of behavior across species". The main directory in the extracted zip file contains three folders: (i) data, which contains the final datasets used for the analysis, (ii) dofiles, which contains the Stata code (do files) to replicate the results, and (iii) results, which contains all results generated by the Stata code. We provide the datasets in both the csv and Stata’s dta format. For an overview, we list all variable names and corresponding labels of both datasets in the readme.rtf. The do file binford_replication generates all results that are based on the Binford dataset. The do file jorgensen_replication generates all results that are based on the Jorgensen dataset. Each do file uses the dataset with the same name. We have run the analysis using Stata version 16.1. Running the analysis requires the user-written Stata packages mhtreg, heatplot, and coefplot (all available from the SSC archive). You can easily install these packages by activating lines 7-9 of the code in the do file binford_replication. The folder results contains two subfolders with separate results for Binford and Jorgensen populations. The file names reflect the Figure/Table number in the manuscript

Do dogs preferentially encode the identity of the target object or the location of others\u27 actions?

The ability to make sense of and predict others\u27 actions is foundational for many socio-cognitive abilities. Dogs (Canis familiaris) constitute interesting comparative models for the study of action perception due to their marked sensitivity to human actions. We tested companion dogs (N = 21) in two screen-based eye-tracking experiments, adopting a task previously used with human infants and apes, to assess which aspects of an agent\u27s action dogs consider relevant to the agent\u27s underlying intentions. An agent was shown repeatedly acting upon the same one of two objects, positioned in the same location. We then presented the objects in swapped locations and the agent approached the objects centrally (Experiment 1) or the old object in the new location or the new object in the old location (Experiment 2). Dogs\u27 anticipatory fixations and looking times did not reflect an expectation that agents should have continued approaching the same object nor the same location as witnessed during the brief familiarization phase; this contrasts with some findings with infants and apes, but aligns with findings in younger infants before they have sufficient motor experience with the observed action. However, dogs\u27 pupil dilation and latency to make an anticipatory fixation suggested that, if anything, dogs expected the agents to keep approaching the same location rather than the same object, and their looking times showed sensitivity to the animacy of the agents. We conclude that dogs, lacking motor experience with the observed actions of grasping or kicking performed by a human or inanimate agent, might interpret such actions as directed toward a specific location rather than a specific object. Future research will need to further probe the suitability of anticipatory looking as measure of dogs\u27 socio-cognitive abilities given differences between the visual systems of dogs and primates

Complete data set from Stress behaviour and physiology of developing Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) is affected by legacy trace contaminants.

Summary of all data used in this study. Natural populations are persistently exposed to environmental pollution, which may adversely impact animal physiology and behaviour and even compromise survival. Responding appropriately to any stressor ultimately might tip the scales for survival, as mistimed behaviour and inadequate physiological responses may be detrimental. Yet effects of legacy contamination on immediate physiological and behavioural stress coping abilities during acute stress are virtually unknown. Here, we assessed these effects in barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) at a historical coal mine site in the Arctic. For three weeks we led human-imprinted goslings, collected from nests in unpolluted areas, to feed in an abandoned coal mining area, where they were exposed to trace metals. As control we led their siblings to feed on clean grounds. We studied barnacle geese from a breeding population in Kongsfjord, Svalbar

Ancient genome-wide analyses infer kinship structure in an Early Medieval Alemannic graveyard

From historical and archeological records, it is posited that the European medieval household was a combination of close relatives and recruits. However, this kinship structure has not yet been directly tested at a genomic level on medieval burials. The early 7th century CE burial at Niederstotzingen, discovered in 1962, is the most complete and richest example of Alemannic funerary practice in Germany. Excavations found 13 individuals who were buried with an array of inscribed bridle gear, jewelry, armor, and swords. These artifacts support the view that the individuals had contact with France, northern Italy, and Byzantium. This study analyzed genome-wide sequences recovered from the remains, in tandem with analysis of the archeological context, to reconstruct kinship and the extent of outside contact. Eleven individuals had sufficient DNA preservation to genetically sex them as male and identify nine unique mitochondrial haplotypes and two distinct Y chromosome lineages. Genome-wide analyses were performed on eight individuals to estimate genetic affiliation to modern west Eurasians and genetic kinship at the burial. Five individuals were direct relatives. Three other individuals were not detectably related; two of these showed genomic affinity to southern Europeans. The genetic makeup of the individuals shares no observable pattern with their orientation in the burial or the cultural association of their grave goods, with the five related individuals buried with grave goods associated with three diverse cultural origins. These findings support the idea that not only were kinship and fellowship held in equal regard: Diverse cultural appropriation was practiced among closely related individuals as well.© 2018 The Author

Source code for: Assessing the Validity of a Calcifying Oral Biofilm Model as a Suitable Proxy for Dental Calculus

This repository contains the source code to the publication "Assessing the Validity of a Calcifying Oral Biofilm Model as a Suitable Proxy for Dental Calculus".Bartholdy, B. P., Velsko, I. M., Fagernas, Z., Henry, A. G., &amp; Gur-Arieh, S. (2023). Assessing the validity of a calcifying oral biofilm model as a suitable proxy for dental calculus (p. 2023.05.23.541904). bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.23.541904More information can be found in the top-level README.md file.The development version can be found on GitHub (https://github.com/bbartholdy/byoc-valid).</p

Complete data set from Stress behaviour and physiology of developing Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) is affected by legacy trace contaminants

Summary of all data used in this study