Impact des filets imprégnés de deltaméthrine sur les populations de glossines au Parc zoologique d'Abidjan et à l'Université Nangui Abrogoua.

Des enquêtes entomologiques antérieures réalisées à Abidjan dans le Parc National du Banco et les reliques forestières du Parc zoologique (Zoo) d'Abidjan et de l'Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), ont montré la présence de Glossina palpalis palpalis, vecteur majeur des trypanosomoses humaine et animale en Côte d'Ivoire. Face au risque encouru par les populations humaines et animales de cette ville, une lute antivectorielle basée sur une nouvelle technique, les filets imprégnés de deltaméthrine a été mise en place au Zoo. L'Université Nangui Abrogoua a servi de site témoin. L'objectif a été d'évaluer l'impact de ces filets dans le cadre d'une lutte antivectorielle au Zoo d'Abidjan. Avant la pose des filets en février 2011, des captures de glossines ont été effectuées de novembre 2010 à janvier 2011 avec 12 pièges "Vavoua" posés Durant quatre jours consécutifs sur les différents sites. Les évaluations ont débuté après la crise post-électorale, en septembre 2011. Le site témoin a été perturbé par les travaux de réaménagement, qui ont détruit une partie de l'habitat des glossines. Au Zoo, la DAP a chuté brusquement de 1,8 à 0 glossine/ piège/jour. A l'Université, la densité a baissé progressivement, de 0,4 à 0,2 glossine/ piège/ jour, avant de s'annuler. L'utilisation des filets imprégnés de deltaméthrine a été très efficace, cet outil pourrait constituer une option supplémentaire dans la lutte contre les trypanosomoses.Mots clés: lutte anti-vectorielle, Filets, Parc zoologique, l'Université Nangui Abrogoua. Impact of nets impregnated with deltamethrin on tsetse populations in Abidjan Zoological Park and the Nangui Abrogouab University. Using nets impregnated with deltamethrin against tsetsePrevious entomological surveys carried out in Abidjan in the Banco National Park and forest relics of Abidjan zoological Park and the Nangui Abrogoua University showed the presence of Glossina palpalis palpalis, main vector of human and animal trypanosomiasis in Ivory Coast. Cope with the risk to human and animal populations of this city, vector control based on a new technique that is nets impregnated with deltamethrin have been set up at the Zoo. The University Nangui Abrogoua served as a control site. The objective was to evaluate the impact of deltamethrin impregnated nets in vector control of Abidjan Zoo. Before the introduction of insecticide-treated nets in February 2011, the flies catches were conducted from November 2010 to January 2011 with 12 "Vavoua" traps laid during four consecutive days in different sites. Assessments began after the post-election crisis in September 2011. The control site was disrupted by the redevelopment, which destroyed part of the tsetse habitat. At The Zoo, the DAP fell sharply from 1.8 to 0 of tsetse / trap / day. The DAP has dropped sharply from 1.8 to 0 of tsetse / trap / day. At the University, the density decreased gradually from 0.4 to 0.2 tsetse / trap / day, before cancel. The use of nets treated with deltamethrin has been very effective, this tool could be an additional option in the fight against trypanosomiasis.Keywords: nets, zoological park, Nangui Abrogoua University, vector control

Genomic profiling of plasmablastic lymphoma using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH): revealing significant overlapping genomic lesions with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Plasmablastic lymphoma (PL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Studies have suggested that tumors with PL morphology represent a group of neoplasms with clinopathologic characteristics corresponding to different entities including extramedullary plasmablastic tumors associated with plasma cell myeloma (PCM). The goal of the current study was to evaluate the genetic similarities and differences among PL, DLBCL (AIDS-related and non AIDS-related) and PCM using array-based comparative genomic hybridization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Examination of genomic data in PL revealed that the most frequent segmental gain (> 40%) include: 1p36.11-1p36.33, 1p34.1-1p36.13, 1q21.1-1q23.1, 7q11.2-7q11.23, 11q12-11q13.2 and 22q12.2-22q13.3. This correlated with segmental gains occurring in high frequency in DLBCL (AIDS-related and non AIDS-related) cases. There were some segmental gains and some segmental loss that occurred in PL but not in the other types of lymphoma suggesting that these foci may contain genes responsible for the differentiation of this lymphoma. Additionally, some segmental gains and some segmental loss occurred only in PL and AIDS associated DLBCL suggesting that these foci may be associated with HIV infection. Furthermore, some segmental gains and some segmental loss occurred only in PL and PCM suggesting that these lesions may be related to plasmacytic differentiation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, the current study represents the first genomic exploration of PL. The genomic aberration pattern of PL appears to be more similar to that of DLBCL (AIDS-related or non AIDS-related) than to PCM. Our findings suggest that PL may remain best classified as a subtype of DLBCL at least at the genome level.</p

Expression Analysis of the Ligands for the Natural Killer Cell Receptors NKp30 and NKp44

BACKGROUND: The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) are important to stimulate the activity of Natural Killer (NK) cells against transformed cells. Identification of NCR ligands and their level of expression on normal and neoplastic cells has important implications for the rational design of immunotherapy strategies for cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we analyze the expression of NKp30 ligand and NKp44 ligand on 30 transformed or non-transformed cell lines of different origin. We find intracellular and surface expression of these two ligands on almost all cell lines tested. Expression of NKp30 and NKp44 ligands was variable and did not correlate with the origin of the cell line. Expression of NKp30 and NKp44 ligand correlated with NKp30 and NKp44-mediated NK cell lysis of tumor cells, respectively. The surface expression of NKp30 ligand and NKp44 ligand was sensitive to trypsin treatment and was reduced in cells arrested in G(2)/M phase. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These data demonstrate the ubiquitous expression of the ligands for NKp30 and NKp44 and give an important insight into the regulation of these ligands

Missing Data in Sea Turtle Population Monitoring: A Bayesian Statistical Framework Accounting for Incomplete Sampling

This is the final version. Available on open access from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this recordData Availability Statement: Raw nest beach monitoring data gathered at sites outside of the national park will be made available upon request to the board of Renatura Congo ([email protected]). Raw nest beach monitoring data gathered at sites inside Conkouati-Douli National Park and code to run models are available from the Dryad Digital Repository: doi:10.5061/dryad.prr4xgxp3Monitoring how populations respond to sustained conservation measures is essential to detect changes in their population status and determine the effectiveness of any interventions. In the case of sea turtles, their populations are difficult to assess because of their complicated life histories. Ground-derived clutch counts are most often used as an index of population size for sea turtles; however, data are often incomplete with varying sampling intensity within and among sites and seasons. To address these issues, we: (1) develop a Bayesian statistical modelling framework that can be used to account for sampling uncertainties in a robust probabilistic manner within a given site and season; and (2) apply this to a previously unpublished long-term sea turtle dataset (n = 17 years) collated for the Republic of the Congo, which hosts two sympatrically nesting species of sea turtle (leatherback turtle [Dermochelys coriacea] and olive ridley turtle [Lepidochelys olivacea]). The results of this analysis suggest that leatherback turtle nesting levels dropped initially and then settled into quasi-cyclical levels of interannual variability, with an average of 573 (mean, 95% prediction interval: 554–626) clutches laid annually between 2012 and 2017. In contrast, nesting abundance for olive ridley turtles has increased more recently, with an average of 1,087 (mean, 95% prediction interval: 1,057–1,153) clutches laid annually between 2012 and 2017. These findings highlight the regional and global importance of this rookery with the Republic of the Congo, hosting the second largest documented populations of olive ridley and the third largest for leatherback turtles in Central Africa; and the fourth largest non-arribada olive ridley rookery globally. Furthermore, whilst the results show that Congo’s single marine and coastal national park provides protection for over half of sea turtle clutches laid in the country, there is scope for further protection along the coast. Although large parts of the African coastline remain to be adequately monitored, the modelling approach used here will be invaluable to inform future status assessments for sea turtles given that most datasets are temporally and spatially fragmented.Darwin InitiativeDepartment for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)Research Englan

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Caractéristiques socio-démographiques dans la filière pâte rouie de manioc au Congo-Brazzaville

Socio-Demographic Characteristics in Die Cassava Paste steeped in Congo-Brazzaville. Cassava roots constitute a basic food in Congo. Its consumption in the form of foufou or chikwangue requires the transformation of the roots to steeped paste. Social dynamics related to the activity of production and marketing of the steeped paste, after investigation into 119 producers showed two markets in Brazzaville draining more than 40 % of the producers and retailers, one market in Pointe - Noire with 60 % of the producers and retailers, and the railroad importance for supplying these markets. Important activities are localised in rural zone more particularly in Mindouli and in Bouenza localities. Formerly forsaken with the women, the die of the steeped paste is more and more occupied by the men especially in Pointe - Noire, particularly in the marketing part considered to be less painful and more profitable. Production and marketing activities are carried out by the young people. Illiterates producers proportion is weak in Brazzaville, but stronger in Pointe - Noire. This study does not establish any bond associating the sex, the age, the instruction and the matrimonial statute in this activity