Subgap tunneling through channels of polarons and bipolarons in chain conductors

We suggest a theory of internal coherent tunneling in the pseudogap region where the applied voltage is below the free electron gap. We consider quasi 1D systems where the gap is originated by a lattice dimerization like in polyacethylene, as well as low symmetry 1D semiconductors. Results may be applied to several types of conjugated polymers, to semiconducting nanotubes and to quantum wires of semiconductors. The approach may be generalized to tunneling in strongly correlated systems showing the pseudogap effect, like the family of High Tc materials in the undoped limit. We demonstrate the evolution of tunneling current-voltage characteristics from smearing the free electron gap down to threshold for tunneling of polarons and further down to the region of bi-electronic tunneling via bipolarons or kink pairs.Comment: 14 pages, 8 postscript figure

Conductivity in Two-Dimensional Disordered Model with Anisotropic Long-Range Hopping

We consider two-dimensional system of particles localized on randomly distributed sites of squared lattice with anisotropic transfer matrix elements between localized sites. By summing of "diffusion ladder" and "cooperon ladder" type vertices we calculated the conductivity for various sites and particles densities.Comment: Latex, 10 page

СТРОЕНИЕ И МНОГОЛЕТНЯЯ ДИНАМИКА ЛЕДЯНОГО ПОКРОВА В НИЖНЕМ ТЕЧЕНИИ РЕКИ АМУР

The severity of the climate in the lower reaches of the Amur River, characteristics of the river water regime, dynamics of the channel processes together with meteorological factors determine rather specific ice regime of this river. The freeze-up on the river lasts from 152 (Khabarovsk) to 185 (the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur) days, and by the end of winter the ice thickness reaches, on the average, 1.0–1.2 m. Three main types of the ice thickness structure are recognized according to conditions of the ice formation. The first type is much hummocky ice, consisting of the ice fragments frozen together over the entire thickness after the end of the autumn ice drift. It is widespread in channels of the largest branches of the river and is characterized by a thickness up to 2.2 m and the great quantities of terrigenous inclusions – up to 1.064 g/dm3. The second type is weakly hummocky ice comprising two layers. The upper part consists of fragments with inclusions of terrigenous particles, while the bottom one – of the homogeneous transparent ice thickness frozen during the winter. The third type is the pure homogeneous ice formed during the winter in small branches of the river. Its thickness is about 0.9–1.1 m, and the average content of terrigenous material is about 0,046 g/dm3. When compared with the climate situation of 1930–1990, the global climate warming of 1991–2013 resulted in a shift in dates of the main spring and autumn ice phenomena by 2–3 days, while the duration of the stable ice cover reduced by 3–4 days.Рассматривается строение ледяного покрова на участках разветвлённого русла в пределах нижнего течения р. Амур. Определено среднее содержание терригенного материала, включённого в лёд (от 1,064 г/дм3 для сильно торосистых льдов в больших речных рукавах до 0,046 г/дм3 в небольших второстепенных протоках). В 1991–2013 гг. по сравнению с 1930–1990 гг. начало осенних ледовых явлений в нижнем течении реки сместилось на 1–2 дня на более поздние сроки, весеннего ледохода – на 2–3 дня раньше, а продолжительность ледостава сократилась на 3–4 дня

Low-energy three-body charge transfer reactions with Coulomb interaction in the final state

Three-body charge transfer reactions with Coulomb interaction in the final state are considered in the framework of coordinate-space integro-differential Faddeev-Hahn-type equations within two- and six-state close coupling approximations. The method is employed to study direct muon transfer in low-energy collisions of the muonic hydrogen H$_\mu$ by helium (He$^{++}$) and lithium (Li$^{+++}$) nuclei. The experimentally observed isotopic dependence is reproduced.Comment: 14 pages REVTeX, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics

Fel Potential of the High Current Erls at Bnl.

An ampere class 20 MeV superconducting Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) is under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for testing concepts for high-energy electron cooling and electron-ion colliders. This ERL prototype will be used as a test bed to study issues relevant for very high current ERLs. High average current and high performance of electron beam with some additional components make this ERL an excellent driver for high power far infrared Free Electron Laser (FEL). A possibility for future up-grade to a two-pass ERL is considered. We present the status and our plans for construction and commissioning of the ERL. We discus a FEL potential based on electron beam provided by BNL ERL

Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Drilling Cuttings in Tomsk Oblast Sites

The research is focused on determining mineralogical composition of drilling cuttings by scanning electron microscope as well as imaging the sample surface of high resolution that allows studying the structural characteristics of the site. In addition, a number of other techniques permit obtaining information on chemical composition of sample in near-surface layers. The study in drilling cuttings by means of scanning microscopy has revealed the presence of titanium, iron, zirconium oxides, iron sulphide, barium sulphate. The former is a mineral that concentrates rare-earth elements, presumably monocyte, as well as uranium silicate, etc. The results obtained confirm the data of previous X-ray structural analysis, i.e. the study samples consist of alumosilicate matrix. Apart from silicon and aluminium oxides, the matrix includes such elements as Na, K, Mg. Such a composition corresponds to rock-forming minerals: quartz, albite, microcline, clinochlore, muscovite, anorthoclase

The level of air pollution in the impact zone of coal-fired power plant (Karaganda City) using the data of geochemical snow survey (Republic of Kazakhstan)

Coal-fired power plants emissions impact the air quality and human health. Of great significance is assessment of solid airborne particles emissions from those plants and distance of their transportation. The article presents the results of air pollution assessment in the zone of coal-fired power plant (Karaganda City) using snow survey. Based on the mass of solid airborne particles deposited in snow, time of their deposition on snow at the distance from 0.5 to 4.5 km a value of dust load has been determined. It is stated that very high level of pollution is observed at the distance from 0.5 to 1 km. there is a trend in decrease of dust burden value with the distance from the stacks of coal-fired power plant that may be conditioned by the particle size and washing out smaller ash particles by ice pellets forming at freezing water vapour in stacks of the coal-fired power plant. Study in composition of solid airborne particles deposited in snow has shown that they mainly contain particulates of underburnt coal, Al-Si- rich spheres, Fe-rich spheres, and coal dust. The content of the particles in samples decreases with the distance from the stacks of the coal-fired power plant

Содержание тяжёлых металлов во льду нижнего течения реки Амур

For the first time, the content of heavy metals in the river ice in the lower Amur River has been analyzed, taking into account the stratigraphic heterogeneity of the ice structure in the river channel. According to the conditions of origin and duration of formation, the main varieties of ice were identified – layered frozen ice, naled-type (icing) ice, and hummocky ice. The most widespread in the Amur ice cover is ice consisting of layers forming hummocky-frozen, hummocky-naled and homogeneous frozen ice sequences. The aim of the study was to determine the content of heavy metals in different ice varieties and the possibility of using this data to assess river pollution during the winter period. The highest content of heavy metals was found in the naled ice, which is due to its formation on the ice surface contaminated during the winter. The minimum content was found in the layered frozen ice, which is formed throughout the winter due to accretion from below. In the layers of hummocked ice formed for several days during the autumn ice drift, metals have average content and uniform distribution within the entire thickness. Influence of Khabarovsk city in winter period is most noticeable by the content of metals in the frozen variety of Amur river ice near its right bank, where the city is located. High concentrations were noted for Pb and Zn, and less pronounced for Cu and Ni. Ice is more informative object than water under the ice, and its chemical composition can serve as an indicator of the ecological state of the river during the freezing period.Установлено содержание тяжёлых металлов в речных льдах различного происхождения в нижнем течении р. Амур в окрестностях г. Хабаровск. Ледяной покров реки представлен сочетаниями трёх разновидностей льда: намёрзшим, наледным и торосистым, которые различаются по условиям формирования, строению и распределению в них тяжёлых металлов. Повышенные содержания металлов во льду в зоне влияния города позволяют использовать их в качестве показателя экологического состояния реки во время ледостава

Determination of water content in clay and organic soil using microwave oven

The article deals with the techniques of soil water content determination using microwave radiation. Its practical application would allow solving the problems of resource efficiency in geotechnical survey due to reduction of energy and resource intensity of laboratory analysis as well as its acceleration by means of decreasing labour intensity and, as a result, cost reduction. The article presents a detail analysis of approaches to soil water content determination and soil drying, considers its features and application. The study in soil of different composition, typical for Western Siberia including organic and organic-mineral ones, is a peculiarity of the given article, which makes it rather topical. The article compares and analyzes the results of the investigation into soil water content, which are obtained via conventional techniques and the original one developed by the authors, consisting in microwave drying. The authors also give recommendation on microwave technique application to dry soil

THE STRUCTURE AND LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE ICE COVER IN THE LOWER REACH OF THE AMUR RIVER

The severity of the climate in the lower reaches of the Amur River, characteristics of the river water regime, dynamics of the channel processes together with meteorological factors determine rather specific ice regime of this river. The freeze-up on the river lasts from 152 (Khabarovsk) to 185 (the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur) days, and by the end of winter the ice thickness reaches, on the average, 1.0–1.2 m. Three main types of the ice thickness structure are recognized according to conditions of the ice formation. The first type is much hummocky ice, consisting of the ice fragments frozen together over the entire thickness after the end of the autumn ice drift. It is widespread in channels of the largest branches of the river and is characterized by a thickness up to 2.2 m and the great quantities of terrigenous inclusions – up to 1.064 g/dm3. The second type is weakly hummocky ice comprising two layers. The upper part consists of fragments with inclusions of terrigenous particles, while the bottom one – of the homogeneous transparent ice thickness frozen during the winter. The third type is the pure homogeneous ice formed during the winter in small branches of the river. Its thickness is about 0.9–1.1 m, and the average content of terrigenous material is about 0,046 g/dm3. When compared with the climate situation of 1930–1990, the global climate warming of 1991–2013 resulted in a shift in dates of the main spring and autumn ice phenomena by 2–3 days, while the duration of the stable ice cover reduced by 3–4 days