817 research outputs found
Teaching New Markets Old Tricks: The Effects of Subsidized Investment on Low-Income Neighborhoods
This paper examines the effects of investment subsidized by the federal government’s New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) program, which provides tax incentives to encourage private investment in low-income neighborhoods. I identify the impacts of the program by taking advantage of a discontinuity in the rule determining the eligibility of census tracts for NMTC-subsidized investment. Using this discontinuity as a source of quasi-experimental variation in commercial development across tracts, I find that subsidized investment has modest positive effects on neighborhood conditions in low-income communities. Though spillovers appear to be small and crowd out incomplete, the results suggest that some of the observed impacts on neighborhoods are attributable to changes in the composition of residents as opposed to improvements in the welfare of existing residents
Knot Floer homology of Whitehead doubles
In this paper we study the knot Floer homology invariants of the twisted and
untwisted Whitehead doubles of an arbitrary knot K. We present a formula for
the filtered chain homotopy type of HFK(D(+,K,t)) in terms of the invariants
for K, where D(+,K,t) denotes the t-twisted positive-clasped Whitehead double
of K. In particular, the formula can be used iteratively and can be used to
compute the Floer homology of manifolds obtained by surgery on Whitehead
doubles. An immediate corollary is that tau(D(+,K,t))=1 if t< 2tau(K) and zero
otherwise, where tau is the Ozsv{\'a}th-Szab{\'o} concordance invariant. It
follows that the iterated untwisted Whitehead doubles of a knot satisfying
tau(K)>0 are not smoothly slice.Comment: 41 pages, 14 color figures. spelling errors corrected and other minor
change
Product Market Competition and Human Resource Practices: An Analysis of the Retail Food Sector
The rise of super-centers and the entry of Wal-Mart into food retailing have dramatically altered the competitive environment in the industry. This paper explores the impact of such changes on the labor market practices of traditional food retailers. We use longitudinal data on workers and firms to construct new measures of compensation and employment, and examine how these measures evolve within and across firms in response to changes in product market structure. An additional feature of the analysis is to combine rich case study knowledge about the retail food industry with the new matched employer-employee data from the Census Bureau.
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