Treating ADHD in Prison: Focus on Alpha-2 Agonists (Clonidine and Guanfacine)

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent in prison populations, but optimal treatment recommendations in prison are uncertain. Stimulants are problematic because of the potential for abuse. This article is a review of medication options for ADHD, focusing on the ␣2 agonists clonidine and guanfacine, which, in their extended-release (ER) forms, are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of ADHD, although they are probably less efficacious, overall, than stimulants. Advantages of ␣2 agonists in prison include: they are not controlled substances and have no known abuse potential; they may be particularly helpful for ADHD with associated aggression and other features of conduct disorder; they may reduce anxiety and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder; and they are somewhat sedating. The pharmacology of these agents and the presumed mechanism of action are discussed, including the fact that guanfacine more specifically affects ␣2A receptors, which are postsynaptic in the frontal cortex. Other differences between clonidine and guanfacine and between the generic immediate-release (IR) forms and the ER forms are also discussed. The IR forms, while themselves not FDA approved for ADHD, may, with dosage adjustment, be reasonable alternatives (with considerable cost savings). Overall, given the FDA-accepted evidence of efficacy, the lack of abuse potential, and the favorable side effect profile, ␣ agonists may be the treatment of choice for prison inmates with ADHD. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 44:151-57, 2016 A reasonably large percentage of prison inmates have, or have had, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); estimates range from 9 1 to 45 percent. 2 The data are not surprising, given that studies indicate that a substantial subgroup of children with ADHD also have conduct disorder. Medication for ADHD Stimulants The stimulant medications, which are so helpful for childhood ADHD, can also be helpful for adults with similar symptoms

Research and Analysis of Fisheries in Illinois F-69-R (32) Final Performance Report July 1, 2018 – June 30, 2019

Fisheries managers are charged with understanding the interaction between sport fish populations and anglers to inform resource management decision making that supports and promotes healthy fisheries. Fundamental to this mission is easy access to long-term fisheries data, analytical tools and metrics that offer insight into the quality of a fishery, and an understanding of the factors that influence fish population dynamics. Equally important is the need to communicate this scientific knowledge and promote angling opportunities to the public. Project F-69-R has four overall goals: (1) conduct a variety of surveys and investigations that elucidate patterns of variation in sport fish populations and the mechanisms that drive those patterns, (2) evaluation methodologies used to collect fisheries data and inform sampling strategies; (3) communicate research findings and basic assessments of sport fish populations to the angling public, and (4) organize, manage, analyze and deliver sport fisheries data to researchers, sport fish managers, and the angling public. Basic and applied research studies, public outreach efforts, and data management activities all work in concert to create a better understanding of the restoration and conservation needs of sport fish populations in Illinois. Surveys and investigations completed in Segment 32 were executed under Study 1, Study 2, and Study 3. Summarized below, these studies were focused on three areas of sport fish restoration and management. First, a series of six experiments investigating the status and trends of Ancient Sport Fishes (Gars, and Bowfin) were conducted statewide, detailing age and growth methodology; spatial ecology and genetic relatedness; population vital rates; and bowfishing tournament harvest. Second, one experiment investigating the influence of on the heritability of lure avoidance were conducted, providing further evidence of the role angling vulnerability plays in fishing quality. Third, an evaluation of patterns in age and growth of walleye, sauger and their hybrids was initiated on several impoundments in east central Illinois. Evaluation of sampling methods initiated under Study 4 focuses on an evaluation of incorporating a fixed/random sample design into fisheries assessments in Illinois impoundments. Specifically, habitat and bathymetric assessments of study lakes were initiated, to be followed by data simulations utilizing sport fish data sets managed under Study 5. Sport fish data sets are the building blocks that support research studies and outreach activities within Project F-69-R, making the collaborative collection, organization, analysis, and dissemination of sport fish information a critical component of the overall goals of this project. In Study 5, project personnel collaborated with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources to efficiently collect and manage data that reflects the status and trends in sport fish populations in Illinois and organizes that information in such a way that the needs of all data users can be more efficiently met. An online permit application system for fishing tournaments throughout Illinois 6 has been met with great success regarding its ease of use and generation of important data for researchers and managers. A new online data portal accessible by IDNR Division of Fisheries that integrates the Hatchery Information Management System (HIMS) and the assessment data system METRICS has been developed. Informed by repeated consultations with system users in the last segment, the new I Fish Data Portal is scheduled for launch in the first quarter of Segment 33. Achieving this significant landmark supports a transition toward placing more data management responsibility with the IDNR Division of Fisheries, while maintaining collaborative access to data for use in Project surveys and investigations. Outreach activities under Study 6 primarily consist of the maintenance of the website www.ifishillinois.org. The website is a heavily visited, popular resource for anglers seeking information about sport fishing opportunities in Illinois. The site provides basic information about access, as well as science-based assessments about the quality of sport fishing in Illinois waters. Through Study 6 we are able to communicate the results of sport fish research and analysis, delivering state-of-the-art information to researchers, managers, and the angling public. Social media will continue to be utilized to promote and share information about sport fishing opportunities throughout Illinois. The website, social media, and public outreach activities are essential to sharing public data and information about sport fish populations and management in Illinois. The importance and value of Project F-69-R lies in the ability to be responsive to emerging sport fish management issues through research studies utilizing long-term sport fish data sets, followed by compelling and salient communications of those findings to the angling public. The Executive Summary provides a brief overview of the accomplishments of each job within the project, followed by a more detailed reporting of the specific procedures, findings and recommendations for future activities under this project.Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Federal Aid in Fisheries Restoration F-69-R (32)unpublishednot peer reviewedOpe

Ariel - Volume 4 Number 3

Editors David A. Jacoby Eugenia Miller Tom Williams Associate Editors Paul Bialas Terry Burt Michael Leo Gail Tenikat Editor Emeritus and Business Manager Richard J. Bonnano Movie Editor Robert Breckenridge Staff Richard Blutstein Mary F. Buechler Steve Glinks Len Grasman Alice M. Johnson J.D. Kanofsky Tom Lehman Dave Mayer Bernie Odd

Hoosiers’ Health in a Changing Climate: A Report from the Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment

In the coming decades, Indiana’s changing climate will bring with it higher temperatures, longer heat waves, more extremely hot days and more frequent extreme storm events. Those changes will affect the health of Hoosiers in every part of the state. This report from the Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment (IN CCIA) describes historical and future climate-related health impacts that affect Hoosiers

Replication data for: The Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) Project

The Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) project provides data regarding the content of military alliance agreements signed by all countries of the world between 1815 and 2003. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (grant SES-0095983). <br /

Student Perspectives on Oncology Curricula at United States Medical Schools

Delivering a cohesive oncology curriculum to medical students is challenging due to oncology’s multidisciplinary nature, predominantly outpatient clinical setting, and lack of data describing effective approaches to teaching it. We sought to better characterize approaches to oncology education at US medical schools by surveying third and fourth year medical students who serve on their institution’s curriculum committee. We received responses from students at 19 schools (15.2% response rate). Key findings included the following: (1) an under-emphasis of cancer in the curriculum relative to other common diseases; (2) imbalanced involvement of different clinical subspecialists as educators; (3) infrequent requirements for students to rotate through non-surgical oncologic clerkships; and (4) students are less confident in their knowledge of cancer treatment compared to basic science/natural history or workup/diagnosis. Based on these findings, we provide several recommendations to achieve robust multidisciplinary curriculum design and implementation that better balances the clinical and classroom aspects of oncology education

On reciprocity

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