カリウム吸着フィルターの急速輸血条件下におけるカリウム吸着能の検討

藤田保健衛生大

小特集：先進燃料核融合研究の現状と展開 ２．先進燃料核融合プラズマ及びその核燃焼

先進燃料プラズマとして従来検討が進められてきたcat-D，scat-D，DD3He，D3He プラズマ，及びDT プラズマについて，簡単な炉心パワーバランス解析を介した比較を通して特徴を概説する．先進燃料プラズマ中で特に重要となる，（１）燃料イオン速度分布関数のマックスウェル分布からの歪みとその核融合反応率係数への影響，（２）高速イオン挙動やイオン加熱に対する核弾性散乱効果を例示する．先進燃料プラズマ研究は，核融合燃料制御・燃料サイクルの研究に直結する．先進燃燃料プラズマ研究を通した稀少核融合燃料である3He，T の消費・供給バランス研究の一面を紹介する

Median alveolar cleft and palatal mass without a median upper cleft lip

Median cleft is rare among facial clefts, including bilateral and unilateral clefts. Median upper cleft lip and median alveolar cleft correspond to Type 14 and Type 0, respectively, in Tessier's classification system. Some authors have reported surgical procedures for median cleft. In the case of median alveolar cleft, bone grafting to the cleft side and orthodontics are generally applied, similarly to bilateral or unilateral cleft. Median alveolar cleft is usually accompanied by median upper cleft lip, the degree of which differs in each case. The symptoms include, but are not limited to, median lip defect, wide philtrum, and vermilion notch. However, an isolated alveolar cleft is extremely rare. We encountered a patient with an isolated alveolar cleft who did not have a light median upper cleft lip, such as a wide philtrum or vermilion notch. We herein report this case and describe its treatment

Local structural analyses on molten terbium fluoride in lithium fluoride and lithium–calcium fluoride mixtures

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements on terbium fluoride in molten lithium fluoride and in molten lithium–calcium fluoride mixtures, (e.g. 0.20TbF3–0.80LiF, 0.20TbF3–0.62LiF–0.18CaF2, 0.20TbF3–0.48LiF–0.32CaF2, 0.50TbF3–0.50LiF, and 0.50TbF3–0.38LiF–0.12CaF2), have been carried out. In the solid state, coordination number of terbium (Ni) and inter ionic distances between terbium and fluorine in the first neighbor (ri) are nearly constant in all mixtures. In 0.20TbF3–0.80LiF, 0.20TbF3–0.62LiF–0.18CaF2 and 0.50TbF3–0.50LiF mixtures, Ni's decrease from ca. 8 to 6 and ri's also decrease from ca. 2.29 to 2.26 Å on melting. On the other hands, in molten 0.20TbF3–0.48LiF–0.32CaF2 and 0.50TbF3–0.38LiF–0.12CaF2 mixtures, Ni's are slightly larger than 6 and ri's do not change. These facts correspond to the amount of F− supplied by solvent melts, i.e. the effect of CaF2 becomes predominant at bCaF2 > 0.32 in ternary 0.20TbF3–aLiF–bCaF2 mixtures and at bCaF2 > 0.12 in ternary 0.50TbF3–aLiF–bCaF2 mixtures

Pacemaker Inhibition During Cardioplegia in Open Heart Surgery

A 53-year-old patient underwent mitral valve replacement after implantation of permanent pacemaker. During cardioplegia in open heart surgery, we performed the inhibition of permanent pacemaker to obtain complete myocardial preservation and quiet heart, using stimulations of an external pulse generator. This procedure is considered available, when the patient who has had a permanent pacemaker undergoes open heart surgery more safely

Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine: Clinical Research between Modernity and Traditional Medicine—The State of Research and Methodological Suggestions for the Future

The Japanese traditional herbal medicine, Kampo, has gradually reemerged and 148 different formulations (mainly herbal extracts) can be prescribed within the national health insurance system. The objective of this article is to introduce Kampo and to present information from previous clinical studies that tested Kampo formulae. In addition, suggestions on the design of future research will be stated. The literature search was based on a summary, up until January 2009, by the Japanese Society of Oriental Medicine and included only those trials which were also available in either Pubmed or ICHUSHI (Japan Medical Abstracts Society). We included 135 studies, half of these studies (n = 68) used a standard control and 28 a placebo control. Thirty-seven trials were published in English [all randomized controlled trials (RCTs)] and the remaining articles were in Japanese only. The sample size for most studies was small (two-third of the studies included less than 100 patients) and the overall methodological quality appeared to be low. None of the studies used Kampo diagnosis as the basis for the treatment. In order to evaluate Kampo as a whole treatment system, certain aspects should be taken into account while designing studies. RCTs are the appropriate study design to test efficacy or effectiveness; however, within the trial the treatment could be individualized according to the Kampo diagnosis. Kampo is a complex and individualized treatment with a long tradition, and it would be appropriate for further research on Kampo medicine to take this into account

The Outcome of Cochlear Implantation for Mitochondrial Disease Patients With Syndromic Hearing Loss.

【Objectives】To evaluate the outcome and to confirm the validity of cochlear implantation for syndromic deafness in patients with mitochondrial disease. Study Design: Retrospective case review. 【Setting】Tertiary referral center. 【Patients】We reviewed medical charts of 367 cochlear implantation cases at Kyoto University Hospital between 1987 and 2012. We identified five patients with syndromic mitochondrial disease who underwent cochlear implantation surgery. The mean age of the patients (four women and one man) when they underwent surgeries was 44.4 years (range, 30–64 yr; median, 41 yr). 【Interventions】Therapeutic and rehabilitative. 【Main Outcome Measure】In four of five patients, speech perception performance was measured using Japanese vowels, consonant-vowel syllables, and short sentences. 【Results】Only 1.4% (5 of 367) of cochlear implantation cases at Kyoto University Hospital underwent cochlear implantation surgery because of syndromic mitochondrial diseases. Four of those patients showed significantly improved speech perception outcomes, and the beneficial effects of the intervention continued long after surgery. One patient could not perform speech perception test presumably because of poor cognitive function. 【Conclusion】Mitochondrial disease patients who underwent cochlear implantation surgery sustained gains in hearing performance even long after surgery. A single patient showed poor postoperative speech perception associated with cognitive problems. Cochlear implantation for mitochondrial disease patients seems to be a viable treatment option in the absence of significant cognitive impairment

Observation of a nuclear-elastic-scattering effect caused by energetic protons on deuteron slowing-down behaviour on the Large Helical Device

A first attempt to observe a nuclear-elastic-scattering (NES) effect caused by energetic protons on deuteron slowing-down behaviour was made on the Large Helical Device located at the National Institute for Fusion Science. The NES effect on the slowing-down of fast ions can influence the confinement of fast ions, ion heating, fusion reaction rate coefficient, etc. An intense hydrogen beam was injected into a deuterium plasma to create a knock-on tail, i.e. a non-Maxwellian energetic component in the deuteron velocity distribution function. We conducted two types of experiment: (1) observation of the slowing-down of the knock-on tail and (2) observation of the NES effect on the slowing-down time of fast ions. The phenomena are discussed in terms of the difference in the decay process of the D(d,n)3He neutron generation rate after neutral beam heating is terminated between the cases when the knock-on effect is influential and not influential, and also from the difference in the neutron decay times. The results of a series of experiments indicate that the NES effect caused by energetic protons can have an impact on the slowing-down of fast deuterons