Patient's Self-monitoring of Transurethral Surgical Images Using a Head-mounted Display

AbstractWe present an application of head-mounted display (HMD) to patient's self-monitoring of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB). Six patients wore the HMD as an imaging monitor to view the operation in real-time during their TURB. Following the operation, the patients completed a questionnaire that evaluates understanding of the state of their disease and satisfaction with the HMD. As a result, monitoring the operation in real time through the HMD helped to increase patients' understanding of the state of their disease and satisfaction. For selected patients, the use of HMD could help to increase the patient's understanding of their disease

Molecular biomarkers in the context of focal therapy for prostate cancer: Recommendations of a delphi consensus from the focal therapy society

BACKGROUND: Focal therapy (FT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is promising. However, long-term oncological results are awaited and there is no consensus on follow-up strategies. Molecular biomarkers (MB) may be useful in selecting, treating and following up men undergoing FT, though there is limited evidence in this field to guide practice. We aimed to conduct a consensus meeting, endorsed by the Focal Therapy Society, amongst a large group of experts, to understand the potential utility of MB in FT for localized PCa. METHODS: A 38-item questionnaire was built following a literature search. The authors then performed three rounds of a Delphi Consensus using DelphiManager, using the GRADE grid scoring system, followed by a face-to-face expert meeting. Three areas of interest were identified and covered concerning MB for FT, 1) the current/present role; 2) the potential/future role; 3) the recommended features for future studies. Consensus was defined using a 70% agreement threshold. RESULTS: Of 95 invited experts, 42 (44.2%) completed the three Delphi rounds. Twenty-four items reached a consensus and they were then approved at the meeting involving (N.=15) experts. Fourteen items reached a consensus on uncertainty, or they did not reach a consensus. They were re-discussed, resulting in a consensus (N.=3), a consensus on a partial agreement (N.=1), and a consensus on uncertainty (N.=10). A final list of statements were derived from the approved and discussed items, with the addition of three generated statements, to provide guidance regarding MB in the context of FT for localized PCa. Research efforts in this field should be considered a priority. CONCLUSIONS: The present study detailed an initial consensus on the use of MB in FT for PCa. This is until evidence becomes available on the subject

Treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer with BRCA2 germline mutation treated with olaparib

Introduction The efficacy of olaparib for treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer is unknown. Here, we report a case of treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer with a BRCA2 mutation that was treated with olaparib with 1‐year efficacy. Case presentation A 75‐year‐old man initially diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma developed treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer after 10‐year androgen deprivation therapy. Despite the initial temporary effects of etoposide and carboplatin, the patient experienced prostate bed tumor recurrence 1 year after chemotherapy cessation. FoundationOne® detected a BRCA2 gene mutation, and olaparib was initiated after repeating one chemotherapy course using the same chemotherapeutic agents. The patient received olaparib with sustained tumor regression for 1 year without severe side effects. Conclusion Olaparib may be the treatment of choice for treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer in patients with BRCA mutations

Utility of computed diffusion-weighted MRI for predicting aggressiveness of prostate cancer

PurposeTo investigate the value of computed (c) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in assessing prostate cancer aggressiveness. Materials and MethodsFifty-five patients with peripheral zone prostate cancer who underwent prebiopsy 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (including native DWI at b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm(2)) were included. cDWI signal intensities of peripheral zone prostate cancer and nonmalignant prostate tissue were measured. Association between changes in monoexponentially calculated cDWI signals according to different b-values and primary Gleason grades were assessed. ResultsThe cDWI signal intensity of prostate cancer was lower at b=0 s/mm(2) and higher at b=1000 s/mm(2) compared to nonmalignant prostate tissue. The b-value at which the signal intensities of prostate cancer and nonmalignant prostate tissue were equal was defined as the iso-b-value. On multivariate analysis, only the iso-b-value was a significant predictor of primary Gleason grade 4/5 cancer (P=0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the iso-b-value for diagnosing primary Gleason grade 4/5 cancer was 0.94, and significantly higher than that of the tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value with an AUC of 0.68 (P ConclusioncDWI with iso-b-value-based semiquantitative analysis was found to be useful for predicting the aggressiveness of prostate cancer and may potentially outperform tumor ADC measurements in this setting. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:490-49

Improving Kidney Tumor Classification With Multi-Modal Medical Images Recovered Partially by Conditional CycleGAN

The accurate classification of kidney tumors necessitates the utilization of various diagnostic techniques. Within the domain of medical imaging tests, the integration of multi-modal medical imaging represents an innovative approach to enhance diagnostic precision. However, the integration of multi-modal medical imaging faces a critical challenge: the insufficiency of correspondingly paired data across modalities, resulting in a paucity of training samples for neural networks. To mitigate this limitation, generative artificial intelligence, specifically generative models capable of generating additional data, thereby addressing the gap in the multi-modal medical imaging record. In our work, our primary objective is to improve the classification results that outperform an existing method of using single-modal medical images. To achieve this, we harness the wealth of information of multi-modal data derived from Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), along with their respective subtypes, to determine which specific modality or pair contributes the most effectively to classification. Our work introduces the comprehensive comparison between the different multi-modal fusion techniques, in which the Area Under the Curve (AUC) serves as the benchmark for performance evaluation. Moreover, this work tackles the problem of the unavailability of kidney tumor data by partially recovering from the available data using Conditional CycleGAN, which is part of the image-to-image translation that maps between two different image domains. Through the employment of multi-modal fusion techniques and our proposed recovery of missing data, our research has yielded superior classification results than single-modal classification approaches

Characterization of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized UDP-d-Galactose: Hydroxyproline O-Galactosyltransferase Using Synthetic Peptide Substrates in Arabidopsis1[OA]

We characterized peptidyl hydroxyproline (Hyp) O-galactosyltransferase (HGT), which is the initial enzyme in the arabinogalactan biosynthetic pathway. An in vitro assay of HGT activity was established using chemically synthesized fluorescent peptides as acceptor substrates and extracts from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) T87 cells as a source of crude enzyme. The galactose residue transferred to the peptide could be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. HGT required a divalent cation of manganese for maximal activity and consumed UDP-d-galactose as a sugar donor. HGT exhibited an optimal pH range of pH 7.0 to 8.0 and an optimal temperature of 35°C. The favorable substrates for the activity seemed to be peptides containing two alternating imino acid residues including at least one acceptor Hyp residue, although a peptide with single Hyp residue without any other imino acids also functioned as a substrate. The results of sucrose density gradient centrifugation revealed that the cellular localization of HGT activity is identical to those of endoplasmic reticulum markers such as Sec61 and Bip, indicating that HGT is predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of HGT, and the data provide evidence that arabinogalactan biosynthesis occurs in the protein transport pathway