Weathering of the Granite Soils and Its Influence on the Stability of Slope

The cutting slopes in granite soil regions are exposed in air and subjected to temperature change and water infiltration immediately after cutting. Then the strength of the soil mass is lowered successively up to failure point. In order to clarify the cause of the phenomena, the authors tried to examine a slope selected in a granite soil region by means of physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis. According to the results obtained from the above experiments, it is concluded that the original ground before cutting can be classified into three zones with characteristic clay minerals and the more the ground is weathered initially, the more rapidly their strength decreases excepting for the severely weathered part. These results are considered to depend largely on the fact that the soil grains weathered originally in the long period of time are relatively sensitive or unstable to chemical and mechanical actions

¹³C/¹⁹F high-resolution solid-state NMR studies on layered carbon-fluorine compounds

¹³C/¹⁹F high-resolution solid-state NMR was applied to examine local structures of a stage-1 layered carbon-fluorine compound (C₂.₈). Four ¹⁹F(F1∼F4) and two ¹³C signals (C1 and C2) unraveled by high magnetic field (14 T) and fast magic-angle spinning (>35 kHz) were examined by various two-dimensional correlation experiments. In addition to “through space” ¹³C-¹⁹F and ¹⁹F-¹⁹F dipolar correlation, which reveals distance proximity among ¹³C/¹⁹F spins, we examined feasibility of applying the J interaction for examination of “through bond” correlation. These experiments led assignment of two of the four F signals (F2 and F3) to F directly covalent bonded to sp³ carbon and an interleaving domain for the local structure of the minor C2-F3 group among the major domain composed of C2-F2 and sp² carbon (C1). The other two ¹⁹F signals (F1 and F4) were assigned to as CF₂ and F ions, respectively. A spectroscopic evidence for the C-F bond being the σ bond is given by the observation of a non-zero one-bond J value (193 ± 4 Hz) for C2-F. Further, the similar JCF = 197 Hz for C-F in poly(carbon fluoride) confirmed that the so-called “semi-ionic/semi-covalent” C-F bond in C₂.₈F is actually a “standard” covalent C-F bond

Deoxofluorination of graphite oxide with sulfur tetrafluoride

In this study, deoxofluorination of graphite oxide (GO) using sulfur tetrafluoride (SF₄) at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of GO (∼200 °C) was investigated for the first time with and without HF catalysis. At 25 °C, the reaction proceeds only at high SF₄ pressures (≥8 atm) when not catalyzed by HF and at 1 atm SF₄ under the catalysis of HF. The degree of fluorination increases at higher temperatures and SF₄ pressures. Hydroxy and carbonyl groups are replaced by fluorine following this reaction, and SF₄ and SOF₂ are introduced into the product, while the epoxy groups do not react. SF₄ and SOF₂ in the products are removed by washing with water. The obtained product is less hygroscopic than pristine GO owing to the hydrophobicity of the fluorine atom. The interlayer separation of the product is increased after deoxofluorination despite the smaller size of fluorine than the sizes of the oxygen-containing functional groups. When compared with direct fluorination using elemental fluorine, deoxofluorination using SF₄ has the advantages of high reactivity with hydroxy groups and the preservation of the carbon skeleton, and the reaction results in the formation of graphite oxyfluoride

Discharge Characteristic of Fluorinated Graphene-like Graphite as a Cathode of Lithium Primary Battery

The 64th special issue "Frontiers of Carbon Materials"Graphene-like graphite prepared by heating graphite oxide under vacuum at 800 degrees C was fluorinated by elemental fluorine in the presence of HF at room temperature. The interlayer spacing of the resulting material was 0.639 nm and it showed CxF type characteristics. The fluorine content of it (x = 1.7) was higher than that obtained from natural graphite (x = 2.3). The discharge capacity of it as a cathode of lithium primary battery reached 940 mAhg(-1) at a low current density, which was 50% larger than the theoretical capacity based on the 100% discharge of fluorine

Identification of Myocardial Damage in Systemic Sclerosis: A Nuclear Cardiology Approach

Myocardial involvement is an important prognostic factor in patients with systemic sclerosis, and early diagnosis and staging of the disease have been sought after. Since myocardial damage is characterized by connective tissue disease, including fibrosis and diffuse vascular lesions or microcirculation, nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging has been a promising option for evaluating myocardial damages in early stages. In addition to the conventional stress-rest perfusion imaging, the current use of quantitative electrocardiographic gated imaging has contributed to more precise evaluation of cardiac perfusion, ventricular wall motion, and diastolic function, all of which have enhanced diagnostic ability of evaluating myocardial dysfunction. Abnormal sympathetic imaging with Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine might be another option for identifying myocardial damage. This paper deals with approaches from nuclear cardiology to detect perfusion and functional abnormality as an early sign of myocardial involvement as well as possible prognostic values in patients with abnormal imaging results. The role of nuclear cardiology in the era of multiple imaging modalities is discussed

A Research of the Exercise and Sports of the Elderly People(3) -Revolving around light exercise and sports, streching-

The purpose of this research is to explore the consciousness on exercise and sports of the elderly people. In order to examine the concrete form and substance of exercise and sports that be able to done “anytime, anywhere, anybody", especially stretching. The objects of the research (A) (342 sheets) are the elderly people from 50s to 70s. And the research (B) (159 sheets) are university students. The results of this research are as follows : 1) The number of people who care about health and physical strength is less than half about nutrition for life. 2) Most elderly people take light exercise and sports. 3) They don't confirm their subjective symptoms and don't warm up enough. 4) They know the word “stretching" well, but don't practice too much. 5) They stretch for the effect of “relaxation their muscles" and “betterment of flexibility of a joint" in the warm-up segment.The elderly people don't understand well enough the proper way of the practice. We must furnish concrete and proper information for the elderly people

A Research of The Exercise and Sports of The Eldery People (2) : Revolving around relations with extra-curricular sports club activities of school age

The purpose of this research is to explore the consciousness on health, exercise and sports in order to understand the actual condition, revolving around relations with extra-curricular sports club activities of school age. The objects of this research (182 sheets) are the eldery people from 40s to 70s. The results of this research are as follows: 1. The number of people of experience of extra-curricular sports club is 84(46.2%), and non-experience is 98(53.8%). 2. The people of experience join to exercise and sports more frequently, because they are influenced upon the conciousness on their will on learning physical education or sports and their skills of school age. 3. The people of non-experience join in order to find out a way to develope the healty life and to communicate with thier friends in the public facilities. Because the consciousness of exercise and sports varies according to their past experiences, not only we must educate to be conscious of health and physical strength for life from childhood, but also offer the various service for the eldery people throughout their life

A Research of The Exercise and Sports of The Eldery People (2) : Revolving around relations with extra-curricular sports club activities of school age

The purpose of this research is to explore the consciousness on health, exercise and sports in order to understand the actual condition, revolving around relations with extra-curricular sports club activities of school age. The objects of this research (182 sheets) are the eldery people from 40s to 70s. The results of this research are as follows: 1. The number of people of experience of extra-curricular sports club is 84(46.2%), and non-experience is 98(53.8%). 2. The people of experience join to exercise and sports more frequently, because they are influenced upon the conciousness on their will on learning physical education or sports and their skills of school age. 3. The people of non-experience join in order to find out a way to develope the healty life and to communicate with thier friends in the public facilities. Because the consciousness of exercise and sports varies according to their past experiences, not only we must educate to be conscious of health and physical strength for life from childhood, but also offer the various service for the eldery people throughout their life

Microscopic characterization of the C–F bonds in fluorine–graphite intercalation compounds

The structures of fluorine–graphite intercalation compounds (F-GICs, C₂.₈F and C₃.₅F) have been analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cross-sectional TEM images of the F-GICs indicate that the interlayer distance increases by insertion of fluorine with randomly buckled carbon layers. Such a structure can form by alternation in the bond angle at a carbon atom covalently bonded with fluorine. Electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with TEM indicates that the π-orbital network over the graphitic carbon layer reduces with fluorination. The C–F bond is essentially covalent