5,525 research outputs found
Congestion pricing of inputs in vertically related markets
This paper conducts a welfare analysis of a two-part tariff that is applied to the congestion pricing of inputs supplied by a natural monopolist with increasing returns to scale to competitive firms that require an input in a fixed proportion to output. Congestion pricing of inputs is optimal for both the welfare-maximizing regulator and the profit-maximizing monopolist if it is applied in the form of a uniform price for the input. However, a two-part tariff for the congestion pricing of inputs is optimal if competition in the downstream market is imperfect or if there is demand uncertainty in the market.two-part tariff
The Benefits of Information on the Efficient Usage of Consumer Durables
This paper attempts to measure how information provision affects usage of consumer durables, using data on residential demand for electricity in Japan. Assuming that consumer preferences are well described by a translog indirect utility function, a discrete-continuous model of information and usage choice is estimated to examine the effects of information about efficient usage of electric appliances. The empirical results indicate that information provision contributed to energy conservation.information, energy conservation, discrete-continuous model
Deconfinement of Vortices with Continuously Variable Fractions of the Unit Flux Quanta in Two-Gap Superconductors
We propose a new stage of confiment-decofinment transition, which can be
observed in laboratory. In two-gap superconductors (SCs), two kinds of vortex
exist and each of them carries a continuously variable fraction of the unit
flux quanta Phi_0=h c / 2 e. The confined state of these two is a usual vortex
and stable in the low temperature region of the system under a certain magnetic
field above H_c1. We see an analogy to quarks in a charged pion. An entropy
gain causes two fractional vortices to be deconfined above a certain
temperature.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Europhys. Let
N\'eel and singlet RVB orders in the t-J model
The N\'eel and the singlet RVB orders of the {\it t-J} model in a 2D square
lattice are studied in the slave-boson mean-field approximation. It is shown
that the N\'eel order parameter takes the maximum value at the finite
temperature and disappear at the lower temperature for a certain range of
doping. It is also shown that the N\'eel and the singlet RVB orders coexist at
low temperature. This suggests the possibility of the coexistence of the N\'eel
and the superconducting orders.Comment: RevTeX, 8 pages, 1 postscript figure. To appear in Physica C, Volume
257, issue 38
Static and dynamic properties of frictional phenomena in a one-dimensional system with randomness
Static and dynamic frictional phenomena at the interface with random
impurities are investigated in a two-chain model with incommensurate structure.
Static frictional force is caused by the impurity pinning and/or by the pinning
due to the regular potential, which is responsible for the breaking of
analyticity transition for impurity-free cases. It is confirmed that the static
frictional force is always finite in the presence of impurities, in contrast to
the impurity-free system. The nature of impurity pinning is discussed in
connection with that in density waves. The kinetic frictional force of a steady
sliding state is also investigated numerically. The relationship between the
sliding velocity dependence of the kinetic frictional force and the strength of
impurity potential is discussed.Comment: RevTex, 14 pages, 6 PostScript figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Dynamical frictional phenomena in an incommensurate two-chain model
Dynamical frictional phenomena are studied theoretically in a two-chain model
with incommensurate structure. A perturbation theory with respect to the
interchain interaction reveals the contributions from phonons excited in each
chain to the kinetic frictional force. The validity of the theory is verified
in the case of weak interaction by comparing with numerical simulation. The
velocity and the interchain interaction dependences of the lattice structure
are also investigated. It is shown that peculiar breaking of analyticity states
appear, which is characteristic to the two-chain model. The range of the
parameters in which the two-chain model is reduced to the Frenkel-Kontorova
model is also discussed.Comment: RevTex, 9 pages, 7 PostScript figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
- …