Linking Narcissism, Motivation and Doping Attitudes in Sport: A Multilevel Investigation Involving Coaches and Athletes

Research on coaching (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2009) has shown that coaches can display controlling behaviors that have detrimental effects on athletes' basic psychological needs and quality of sport experiences. The current study extends this literature by considering coach narcissism as a potential antecedent of coaches' controlling behaviors. Further, the study tests a model linking coaches' (n = 59) own reports of narcissistic tendencies with athletes' (n = 493) perceptions of coach controlling behaviors, experiences of need frustration, and attitudes toward doping. Multilevel path analysis revealed that coach narcissism was directly and positively associated with athletes' perceptions of controlling behaviors, and was indirectly and positively associated with athletes' reports of needs frustration. Additionally, athletes' perceptions of coach behaviors were positively associated-directly and indirectly-with attitudes toward doping. The findings advance understanding of controlling coach behaviors, their potential antecedents, and their associations with athletes' attitudes toward doping

Tillage, Manure and Gypsum Use in Reclamation of Saline-Sodic Soils

Soil degradation resulting from soil salinity and sodicityis a major problem under arid and semiarid climates. Nearly 831 million hectares of land are salt-affected worldwide. The high salt concentration negatively affects soil physical and chemical properties as well as soil microbial activity, thus causing a decline in soil productivity. It has led to the depletion of soil organic carbon, decline in biomass production, contamination of water resources, and emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2 at an accelerated rate. The initial hydration of sodic clays leads to slaking and swelling while continuous hydration results in dispersion of clay particles. Saline and sodic soils usually suffer from poor physical properties, including high bulk density, low macroporosity and aggregate stability. Therefore, management of such soils is challenging. The fundamental issue of soil quality improvement may in a long-term have a aim to restore an earlier state for the required crop production purposes or to limit and/or slowing down the further deterioration, in order to reservations the original values and features of the soil properties. Appropriate tillage is key factor for mitigation of negative effect, while application of organic matter through various sources is another amelioration strategy for salt-affected soils. These procedures affect soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Tillage improves aeration and alleviates compaction while organic matter promotes binding soil particles into aggregates. Present paper present positive aspect of tillage and amendment addition (gypsum, farmyard manure, sulfur) on properties of saline-sodic soils using available literature. Normal 0 21 false false false HR X-NONE X-NON

I am the chosen one: Narcissism in the backdrop of self-determination theory

© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Objective: This theoretical article discusses the relevance of self-determination theory (SDT) for narcissism, a classic topic in self-theory. Method and Results: The trait of narcissism reflects a self-aggrandizing, dominant, and manipulative interpersonal orientation that feeds on exaggerated perceptions of agency, but not communion. The article embeds narcissism in the five mini-theories of SDT (organismic integration, causality orientations, basic needs, cognitive evaluation, and goal contents) and considers research directions that can explore synergies between key constructs from SDT and narcissism. Conclusions: SDT can serve as a foundation for a deeper understanding of narcissism. From the other end, narcissism can enrich SDT by explaining variations in motivational processes

Prosocial and aggressive behavior occurrence in young athletes: Field research results in six European countries

Aggression and violence among youth areresearched as social phenomena in sport. This paper was designed to determine the occurrence of these behaviors as well as prosocial behaviorsamong young athletes. The current paper is a research report aiming to detect the frequency of aggressive behavior, social exclusion, prosocial behavior and cohesion in the youth environment, the frequency of personal experience of peer violence or social exclusion, and to evaluate cross-national differences in terms of occurrence of these phenomena. The field research was conducted in six European countries (Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Lithuania, and Serbia) on a sample of 482 children aged 6 to 16. The conducted questionnaire consisted of pre-existing scales and measures for specific behaviors and social aspects that formed the Youth Environment Assessment and Youth Characteristics Questionnaire. Previous personal experience of violence and social exclusion determined groups in the sample. One-way ANOVA and discriminant analysis were conducted to compare various variables and groups within the sample. The results have shown that aggressive and social exclusion behaviors are rare or very rare, predominantly in the form of verbal aggression in the sports club environment. The results of the conducted discriminant analysis indicate that prosocial and cohesion behaviors occur "quite often" to "often" among sports club athletes' samples. The percentage of athletes who have had personal experience of violence or social exclusion in the last two years and whose feeling of hurt by that experience was assessed as "a lot" or "fully" on the measurement scale is estimated to be approximately 25%. Mild cross-national differences emerged in the overmentioned variables, probably due to the sample specificity, or to cultural variety. The results indicate the need for longitudinal research on this topic since the sport is an environment in which cohesion can be developed among young athletes, but it is not free from social exclusion or aggression

Perceptions of Teachers’ Interpersonal Styles and Well-Being and Ill-Being in Secondary School Physical Education Students: The Role of Need Satisfaction and Need Frustration

This study examined the associations among physical education students’ perceptions of their teachers’ autonomy-supportive and controlling interpersonal styles, need satisfaction and need frustration, and indices of psychological well-being (subjective vitality) and ill-being (negative affect). The results from 591 Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong indicated that the relationship between students’ perceptions of autonomy-supportive teaching behaviors and subjective vitality was primarily mediated by need satisfaction, whereas the relationship between perceived controlling teaching behaviors and negative affect was primarily mediated by need frustration. The results obtained from the multi-group structural equation model also suggested that these relationships were invariant across sex

Rechtliche und rechtspolitische Probleme der Teilzeitbeschäftigung : die Problematik der Teilzeitbeschäftigung unter dem Aspekt der Flexibilisierung der Arbeitszeit

Wien, Wirtschaftsuniv., Dipl.-Arb., 198