Cognitive-behavioural coaching : applications to health and personal development contexts

© All rights reserved by Marina Carvalho., et al.Coaching programs are demonstrating their effectiveness in several contexts and populations, namely in personal development through the lifespan, and in health contexts. In the present conceptual paper, Coaching definitions, goals, procedures, benefits and limitations are described and critically discussed. Specifically, differences between Coaching and Psychotherapies are emphasized. Based on this knowledge, the structure of a Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching program is presented, and its differences in relation to Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapies are also emphasized and critically discussed. Finally, the evidences for Coaching programs effectiveness, in particular in Health and Personal Development contexts, are reported, based on meta-analytic data and on literature systematic reviews. The need for qualified training and supervision, as well as limitations and future directions are also pointed in order to contribute to diminish conceptual and practical ambiguities that may interfere with Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching and, in consequence, that may interfere with the persons’ goals for their health or personal development.Margarida Gaspar de Matos receives a Sabbatical grant from Foundation for Science and Technology – SFRH/BSAB/135160/2017.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of dietary restriction on metabolic and cognitive health

M. S. M. is a recipient of the Elphinstone Scholarship of the University of Aberdeen as well as Institute of Medical Sciences postdoctoral studentship. Work in B. P. and M. D. laboratories is funded by Alzheimer's Research UK, British Heart Foundation and Diabetes UK. Tenovus Scotland and BBSRC DTP studentship funded the published work on methionine restriction in M. D. laboratory.Peer reviewedPostprin

Problemas de Comportamento: o papel das memórias emocionais negativas, os medos da compaixão e a relação com os pares

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as dificuldades de comportamento dos jovens, analisando a sua relação com as memórias emocionais negativas, o medo da compaixão e a qualidade da vinculação aos pares. A amostra é composta por 178 adolescentes, 95 do sexo masculino e 83 do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos a frequentar o 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e ensino secundário do ensino regular. Os participantes completaram um conjunto de questionários de autorresposta, nomeadamente a Escala da Experiências de Vida Precoces (Early Life Experiences Scale - ELES), as Escalas do Medo da Compaixão (Fears of Compassion Scales - FCS), o Questionário de Vinculação para Crianças (Attachment Questionnaire for Children - AQ-C) e o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – SDQ). Os resultados obtidos no SDQ revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre rapazes e raparigas, manifestando as raparigas mais dificuldades. As dificuldades de comportamento avaliadas pelo SDQTotal mostraram uma associação positiva com as memórias de ameaça e de subordinação de infância, e com os medos da compaixão. Por ultimo, os adolescentes com uma vinculação segura aos pares revelaram menos memórias negativas precoces, menos dificuldades de comportamento, menos medo de receber e dar compaixão, bem como menos medo de serem compassivos consigo mesmos, comparativamente aos adolescentes que percecionam uma qualidade de vinculação insegura (evitante e ansiosa/ambivalente). Reconhecendo que os problemas de comportamento são multideterminados, este estudo aponta para o eventual papel das memórias negativas, dos medos da compaixão e da qualidade da vinculação aos pares na manifestação das referidas dificuldades. Os resultados encontrados têm implicações práticas ao sugerirem que os programas de promoção do ajustamento psicológico com jovens poderão beneficiar da inclusão de módulos onde sejam trabalhados as experiências emocionais precoces, a qualidade da relação com os pares e os medos associados à compaixão. / This study aims to examine behavioral difficulties of young people, analyzing their relationship with the negative emotional memories, fear of compassion and the quality of connection in pairs. The sample consists of 178 adolescents, 95 boys and 83 girls, aged between 12 and 18 years attending the 3rd cycle of basic education and secondary education. Participants completed a set of self-response questionnaires, namely the scale of Early Life Experiences (Early Life Experiences Scale - THEY), the Compassion Fear Scales (Fears of Compassion Scales - FCS), the Attachment Questionnaire for Children (Attachment Questionnaire for Children - AQ-C) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ). The results obtained in SDQ revealed statistically significant differences between boys and girls, showing girls more difficulties. The behavioral difficulties measured at SDQTotal showed a positive association with the threat of memories and childhood subordination, and the fears of compassion. Finally, adolescents with a secure attachment in pairs revealed less early negative memories, fewer behavioral difficulties, less fear of receiving and compassion, and less fear of being compassionate with themselves, compared to teenagers who preceived an unsafe link quality (avoidant and anxious / ambivalent). Recognizing that behavioral problems are multidetermined, this study points to the potential role of negative memories, fears of compassion and link quality in pairs in the manifestation of these difficulties. The results have practical implications by suggesting that the promotion programs of psychological adjustment with young people can benefit from the inclusion of modules where early emotional experiences are worked, the quality of relationships with peers and fears associated with compassion

Avaliação do impacto de acontecimentos traumáticos na adolescência: validação da Impact of Event Scale-Revised

The purpose of this paper was to validate the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for Portuguese adolescents. The sample was composed of 383 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. Other questionnaires were also used to assess centrality of shame memory and psychopathology symptoms. Alternative factor models of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results showed that the three-factor model with a single second-order factor provided the best fit to the data. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised and its subscales demonstrated good internal consistency and adequate temporal stability and convergent validity with measures of centrality of shame memory and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The Portuguese version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for adolescents is a valid measure to assess general stress responses and/or emotional trauma impact, particularly shame feelings

Cyberbullying and bullying: Impact on psychological symptoms and well-being

Related, but with different impacts on psychological symptoms and well-being, bullying and cyberbullying have been the subject of numerous studies. The present study analysed the associations between cyberbullying and bullying, specifically: 1) gender, school grade and age associations with cyberbullying and bullying; 2) the impact of cyberbullying and bullying on psychological, social and contextual symptoms and well-being according to cyberbullying involvement, and 3) a combined bullying context was compared to single bullying contexts and to non-involvement for psychological, social and contextual factors, and well-being, among a cross-sectional and randomly assigned sample based on the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Portuguese Study, a World Health Organization collaborative study (HBSC/ WHO). Composed by 6026 adolescents (47.7% male), aged between 10 and 19.92 years old (M=13.77;SD=1.68), in the 6th, 8th,and 10th grades, results showed that 10.9% of the participants reported being involved in cyberbullying, as cybervictims, cyberbullies or cyberbully-victims, and 47.9% in bullying. Most of the cybervictims reported being involved as victims and bully-victims in bullying; cyberbullies as bully-victims in bullying, and most of the cyberbully-victims reported having the same role in bullying. Frequently, cybervictims were females and most of the cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims were males. No significant associations were found for age and for Body Mass Index. Comparisons between groups, based on the participants’ role in cyberbullying, showed significant differences for substances use, emotional symptoms, school context, fights and friends. Further comparisons (according to participant’s role, not involved, or involved in single or combined bullying) evidenced the cumulative effect of combined bullying. In conclusion, given the different characteristics and impact of cyberbullying on cybervictims, cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims, is crucial to consider the interrelations between the groups and focus on a more engaging perspective, based on an ecological intervention model. Results will be discussed from a public policy perspective.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bullies, Victims and Provocative Victims in Context: Discriminant Factors in a Portuguese Adolescent Sample

Context: With strong and serious impacts on health and individual well-being, bullying presents itself as one of the most traumatic experiences at school age. Objective: analyse the differences between bullies, victims and provocative-victims for individual, relational, school and contextual factors. Design: cross-sectional study based on the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Results: Bullies reported consuming more tobacco and drugs, but less alcohol, when compared to victims and provocative-victims. Bullies also reported being more involved and having more security feelings at school, better relationships with their peers, being better accepted by the peers, and more positive attitudes, compared to victims and provocative-victims; which reported more fear, sadness, rejection feelings, and also, more withdrawal at school. Group differences were also found in the time spent with friends in everyday life, nigh outs and well-being, with bullies presenting the higher odds. Provocative-victims reported involving more in fights than victims. Otherwise, bullies reported making friends more easily and spending more time with friends after school. Conclusions: Given the different characteristics and impacts of bullying on victims, bullies and provocative-victims, it is essential to consider the interrelations of groups and focus on a more engaging perspective, based on an ecological intervention model. A strong argument is also made related to the need to include young people participation in the definition of public policies to prevent peer related violence, as well as a need to focus not only in the prevention of peer related violence, but also to focus on violence-free, positive relationship

Adorocinema: uma análise do site pelo olhar do infotenimento

This work seeks to analyze the news of the site AdoroCinema, an information portal exclusively to report the film industry. This analysis was done with the intention of identifying the journalism present within the texts of the website, and also defend the entertainment as journalistic content, since it was perceived that the site does not work with the concept of cultural journalism. For this, a publication day was chosen for its integral analysis. The choice of this day was random, having a total of 32 published articles, which were described and analyzed under the infotainment look.Este trabalho busca analisar as notícias do site AdoroCinema, um portal de informação exclusivamente para noticiar a indústria cinematográfica. Esta análise foi feita com o intuito de identificar o jornalismo presente dentro dos textos do site, e também defender o entretenimento como conteúdo jornalístico, já que foi percebido que o site não trabalha com o conceito de jornalismo cultural. Para isso, foi escolhido um dia de publicação para sua análise integral. A escolha deste dia foi aleatória, tendo um total de 32 matérias publicadas, que foram descritas e analisadas sob o olhar do infotenimento

Cyberbullies, cybervictims and cyberbullies-victims : discriminant factors in portuguese adolescents

© Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicologia da SaúdeEnhancers of new and positive opportunities and learning, new technologies are also promoters of risks to the health and well-being of young people. Cyberbullying is one of those risks. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences between cyberbullies, cybervictims and cyberbully-victims for individual, relational and contextual factors. This is a Cross-sectional study. Results showed that cyberbully-victims reported higher alcohol consumption, as opposed to the increased drug use revealed by cyberbullies. Cybervictims reported more emotional symptoms, such as fear and sadness, and less night outs. Cyberbullies were more often involved in fights, and had an easier access to a larger amount of money and were more easy making friends, when compared to cybervictims. Based on the results, it is crucial to develop a greater awareness and education of parents and youth about the dangers of cyberbullying, together with the monitoring of technological development. A strong argument is also made related to the need of the inclusion of youth participation in the definition of public policies to prevent cyberbullying, as well as the need to focus not only in the prevention of cyber-peer related violence, but also to focus on violence-free, positive peer relationships, both virtual and in presence.This research was supported by the Ministry of Health. The authors would like to acknowledge the collaboration of the HBSC Portuguese team integrated in the Social Adventure Projects of the Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, for data collection. Branquinho, C. receives a PhD grant from the University of Lisbon (UL) (Grant Number 800178).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

How stra(i)nge are your controls? : A comparative analysis of metabolic phenotypes in commonly used C57BL/6 substrains

Open Access via the PLOS Agreement Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.Peer reviewedPublisher PD