A Influência da Apresentação do Preço sobre as Avaliações dos Clientes

This paper’s goal was to investigate the effect different forms of price presentation have on Brazilian customers’ evaluations regarding the following variables: purchase intentions, word-of-mouth communications, trust in advertising, perceived value, and perception of expensive prices. We use the literature suggested by Smith and Nagle (2005a, b) and Krishna, Briesch, Lehmann, and Yuan (2002), in which they suggested that perceived value of price explains customer judgments. Findings from Study 1 indicated that when price is presented in the form of R$2,299.00 at the competitors, R$ 1,599.00 here (versus the control group with the traditional price), the retailer had better results in terms of customer purchase intentions. This finding was achieved for products with both high involvement and high monetary value: i.e., values over $ 1,500.00. Outcomes from Study 2, which was based on a low involvement product, a hair dryer, on a specific date in the retail calendar, Mother’s Day, showed that the price presented as only this weekend significantly increased customer purchase intentions. Study 3 supported that a 5% discount (vs. regular price vs. 10% vs. 15%) resulted in greater positive impact on buying intention. The paper contributes to price theory by supporting the assumption that price presentation positively influences buying intention, confirming the arguments of Nagle, Hogan and Zale (2011), Urbany, Bearden and Weilbaker (1988) and rejecting the studies by Blech (1981), Golden (1979), and Goodwin andEtgar (1980)

MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key points

Rectal cancer has the eighth highest cancer incidence worldwide, and it is increasing in young individuals. However, in countries with a high human development index, mortality is decreasing, which may reflect better patient management, imaging being key. We rely on imaging to establish the great majority of clinical tumour features for therapeutic decision-making, namely tumour location, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, circumferential resection margin status and extramural venous invasion. Despite major improvements in technique resulting in better image quality, and notwithstanding the dissemination of guidelines and examples of standardised reports, rectal cancer staging is still challenging on the day-to-day practice, and we believe there are three reasons. First, the normal posterior pelvic compartment anatomy and variants are not common knowledge to radiologists; second, not all rectal cancers fit in review paper models, namely the very early, the very low and the mucinous; and third, the key clinical tumour features may be tricky to analyse. In this review, we discuss the normal anatomy of the rectum and posterior compartment of the pelvis, systematise all rectal cancer staging key points and elaborate on the particularities of early, low and mucinous tumours. We also include our suggested reporting templates and a discussion of its comparison to the reporting templates provided by ESGAR and SAR.publishersversionpublishe

Responsabilidade civil dos notários e dos registradores

Os serviços notariais e de registro são exercidos em caráter privado mediante delegação do Poder Público. Os responsáveis pela execução dos serviços de nota e de registro são os tabeliães e os oficiais de registro, e estes os executam nas dependências dos cartórios extrajudiciais. Embasando-se na doutrina, na jurisprudência e na lei, procura-se entender a quem cabe a responsabilidade civil por atos lesivos causados por tabeliães e registradores. Entre os entendimentos divergentes apresentam-se três correntes, a primeira defende a responsabilidade objetiva do Estado e subjetiva dos notários e registradores, a segunda defende a responsabilidade objetiva e direta do Estado e a terceira defende a responsabilidade objetiva e direta dos notários e registradores. A partir da análise das três correntes procurarse-á demonstrar qual a mais adequada para unificar o entendimento no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro

Entendendo as intenções dos brasileiros de consumir moda sustentável

This study analyzed the determinants of sustainable fashion purchasing behavior, incorporating the following factors into the Theory of Planned Behavior: moral obligation, awareness of consequences, and previous sustainable purchasing behavior. A survey was carried out with Brazilian consumers of sustainable fashion, and a total of 179 responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that ‘moral obligation’ and ‘awareness of consequences’ had an impact on the behavioral attitude of sustainable fashion consumers. Furthermore, of the three TPB components, only attitude and ‘perceived behavioral control’ influenced the purchase intention. Finally, it was found that the actual consumption of sustainable fashion could be explained by the intention and the previous purchase behavior; also, age had a moderating influence on the relationship between the intention and the consumption of fashion. Therefore, this study provides marketers with comprehensive information about the psychological, social, cultural, and demographic determinants of sustainable fashion purchasing behavior.Este estudo verificou os determinantes que influenciam o comportamento de consumidores de moda sustentável, incorporando à Teoria do Comportamento Planejado os fatores: obrigação moral, consciência das consequências e o comportamento anterior de compra sustentável. Para isso, realizou-se uma survey com consumidores brasileiros de moda sustentável, e um total de 179 respostas foi analisado por meio da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS-SEM). Os resultados indicaram que a obrigação moral e a consciência das consequências impactaram a atitude comportamental dos consumidores de moda sustentável. Outrossim, dos três componentes da TPB, apenas a atitude e o controle comportamental percebido influenciaram a intenção de compra. Finalmente, verificou-se que o consumo real de moda sustentável é explicado pela intenção e pelo comportamento de compra anterior, sendo que a variável idade moderou a relação entre intenção e o consumo de moda. Este estudo fornece aos profissionais de marketing informações abrangentes sobre os determinantes psicológicos, sociais, culturais e demográficos do comportamento de compra desses produtos

A INFLUÊNCIA DA ORDEM DAS QUESTÕES NOS RESULTADOS DE PESQUISAS SURVEYS

A pesquisa survey é frequentemente utilizada nas pesquisas em Administração, sendo geralmente conduzida por meio de questionários autopreenchidos. Porém, alguns viéses podem prejudicar a qualidade dos resultados e da interpretação. O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar os efeitos de ordem dos itens de um questionário nos resultados de uma survey. Para tanto, um questionário em quatro diferentes versões foi testado em uma amostra de 216 usuários de telefone celular. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes de correlação, diferença de médias, análise fatorial e regressão múltipla. Os resultados mostraram não haver infl uência de ordem quando o respondente escolhia um subconjunto de itens dentre o conjunto total. Porém, o efeito ordem se mostrou signifi cativo tanto na relação dos itens entre si quanto deles com um item geral, posicionado no fi nal da escala. Por fi m, esses resultados mostram a importância de se considerar um possível efeito ordem ao se planejar pesquisas surveys

COMPORTAMENTO COMPULSIVO DE COMPRA: FATORES INFLUENCIADORES NO PÚBLICO JOVEM

Diversos fatores têm sido apontados como influenciadores do comportamento compulsivo de compra (CCC), tais como a estrutura familiar, o materialismo, a socialização, os aspectos demográficos, a autoestima, a ansiedade e a introversão. Porém, esses fatores foram investigados em estudos independentes, faltava uma integração dos fatores em um modelo teórico e a comparação dos efeitos sobre o CCC. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi propor e testar um modelo teórico integrador dos principais fatores que influenciam o CCC. Foi feito um levantamento com 226 adolescentes, de 13 a 18 anos, e os resultados mostraram que escores mais elevados nas seguintes variáveis aumentavam a propensão ao CCC: materialismo, socialização, ansiedade, introversão, comportamento compulsivo dos pais e status socioeconômico

a practical guide

Funding Information: We are grateful to all staff composing the?Imaging Department, the Colorectal Cancer Unit, and The Pathology Department of the Champalimaud Foundation. We would also like to thank Nuno Lou??o from Philips Healthcare (R) for the outstanding technical support. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).In the past nearly 20 years, organ-sparing when no apparent viable tumour is present after neoadjuvant therapy has taken an increasingly relevant role in the therapeutic management of locally-advanced rectal cancer patients. The decision to include a patient or not in a “Watch-and-Wait” program relies mainly on endoscopic assessment by skilled surgeons, and MR imaging by experienced radiologists. Strict surveillance using the same modalities is required, given the chance of a local regrowth is of approximately 25–30%, almost always surgically salvageable if caught early. Local regrowths occur at the endoluminal aspect of the primary tumour bed in almost 90% of patients, but the rest are deep within it or outside the rectal wall, in which case detection relies solely on MR Imaging. In this educational review, we provide a practical guide for radiologists who are, or intend to be, involved in the re-staging and follow-up of rectal cancer patients in institutions with an established “Watch-and-Wait” program. First, we discuss patient preparation and MR imaging acquisition technique. Second, we focus on the re-staging MR imaging examination and review the imaging findings that allow us to assess response. Third, we focus on follow-up assessments of patients who defer surgery and confer about the early signs that may indicate a sustained/non-sustained complete response, a rectal/extra-rectal regrowth, and the particular prognosis of the “near-complete” responders. Finally, we discuss our proposed report template.publishersversionpublishe

Sialyl Lewis x expression in canine malignant mammary tumours: correlation with clinicopathological features and E-Cadherin expression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sialyl Lewis x (sLe^x) antigen is a carbohydrate antigen that is considered not only a marker for cancer but also implicated functionally in the malignant behaviour of cancer cells. Overexpression of sLe^xis associated with enhanced progression and metastases of many types of cancer including those of the mammary gland. Canine mammary tumours can invade and give rise to metastases via either lymphatic or blood vessels.</p> <p>E-Cadherin is specifically involved in epithelial cell-to-cell adhesion. In cancer, E-Cadherin underexpression is one of the alterations that characterizes the invasive phenotype and is considered an invasion/tumour suppressor gene. Partial or complete loss of E-Cadherin expression correlates with poor prognosis in canine malignant mammary cancer.</p> <p>The aim of this study was to analyse the sLe^xexpression in canine malignant mammary tumours and to evaluate if the presence of sLe^xcorrelates with the expression of E-Cadherin and with clinicopathological features.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fifty-three cases of canine mammary carcinomas were analysed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against sLe^x(IgM) and E-Cadherin (IgG). The clinicopathological data were then assessed to determine whether there was a correlation with sLe^xtumour expression. Double labelled immunofluorescence staining was performed to analyse the combined expression of sLe^xand E-Cadherin.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>sLe^xexpression was consistently demonstrated in all cases of canine mammary carcinomas with different levels of expression. We found a significant relationship between the levels of sLe^xexpression and the presence of lymph node metastases. We also demonstrated that when E-Cadherin expression was increased sLe^xwas reduced and vice-versa. The combined analysis of both adhesion molecules revealed an inverse relationship.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In the present study we demonstrate the importance of sLe^xin the malignant phenotype of canine malignant mammary tumours. Our results support the use of sLe^xas a prognostic tumour marker in canine mammary carcinomas. Furthermore, we showed that sLe^xand E-Cadherin expression were inversely correlated. Future studies are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the relation between sLe^xand E-Cadherin in canine mammary carcinoma cells which represents an important comparative model to woman breast cancer.</p

Resistance to whitefly mediated by the Mi gene, acylsugars, and zingiberene in tomato

This study aimed to quantify and compare the effects of Mi gene, high leaf levels of acylsugars (AA), and zingiberene (ZGB) individually and in combination, regarding resistance of tomato lines to Bemisia argentifolii. The experiment included 21 genotypes selected simultaneously for high AA and ZGB content, cloned through rooting of axillary shoots with homogeneous sizes, and seven control lines produced from seeds, including 2 genotypes rich in AA (TOM-687 and TOM-688), two genotypes rich in ZGB (TOM-703 and TOM-704), and three lines with low levels of allelochemicals (cv. Santa Clara, TOM-584, and TOM-684), where the TOM-684 line carried the Mi gene. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized complete block design, comprising 28 treatments with 4 replications and 1 plant per plot. The AA and ZGB-rich lines showed higher resistance compared to the other control lines with low levels of allelochemicals, but the TOM-684 control line carrying the Mi gene was more resistant than the non-carriers ('Santa Clara' and TOM-584). The level of resistance conferred by ZGB was similar to that presented by AA. Both ZGB and AA provided higher levels of resistance compared to the Mi gene. The clones selected for both ZGB and AA simultaneously exhibited lower numbers of eggs and nymphs compared to the susceptible controls and were more resistant than the TOM-684 treatment. Overall, the clones even outperformed the lines rich in only one of the allelochemicals, demonstrating a synergistic effect between AA and ZGB for resistance when combined in the same tomato line.This study aimed to quantify and compare the effects of Mi gene, high leaf levels of acylsugars (AA), and zingiberene (ZGB) individually and in combination, regarding resistance of tomato lines to Bemisia argentifolii. The experiment included 21 genotypes selected simultaneously for high AA and ZGB content, cloned through rooting of axillary shoots with homogeneous sizes, and seven control lines produced from seeds, including 2 genotypes rich in AA (TOM-687 and TOM-688), two genotypes rich in ZGB (TOM-703 and TOM-704), and three lines with low levels of allelochemicals (cv. Santa Clara, TOM-584, and TOM-684), where the TOM-684 line carried the Mi gene. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized complete block design, comprising 28 treatments with 4 replications and 1 plant per plot. The AA and ZGB-rich lines showed higher resistance compared to the other control lines with low levels of allelochemicals, but the TOM-684 control line carrying the Mi gene was more resistant than the non-carriers ('Santa Clara' and TOM-584). The level of resistance conferred by ZGB was similar to that presented by AA. Both ZGB and AA provided higher levels of resistance compared to the Mi gene. The clones selected for both ZGB and AA simultaneously exhibited lower numbers of eggs and nymphs compared to the susceptible controls and were more resistant than the TOM-684 treatment. Overall, the clones even outperformed the lines rich in only one of the allelochemicals, demonstrating a synergistic effect between AA and ZGB for resistance when combined in the same tomato line