Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian/Sarmatian) Palaeoecology and Evolution of the Environments in the Area of Medvednica Mt. (North Croatia)

In the area of Medvednica Mt., the Upper Badenian and Sarmatian deposits are divided into four facies associations: (A) deposits of a small carbonate platform represented by breccia, conglomerates, biocalcirudites, biocalcarenites and biocalclutites; (B) open-sea deposits composed of marls with intercalations of clay; (C) nearshore deposits of reduced salinity composed of conglomerates, sandstones, biocalcarenites, biocalcirudites and biocalclutites, and (D) lagoonal deposits represented by spongitic calclutites with clay, marl and sand intercalations. Deposits of these facies associations contain numerous and very diverse fossil species with very different palaeoecological characteristics, from shallow- and deeper-water normal marine to shallow- and deeper-water environment of reduced salinity, even of fresh-water. The transition from Late Badenian to Sarmatian deposition was characterized by three different unconformities and one conformity. Unconformities are located between different lithologies reflecting an amount of uplifting and erosion at the end of the Badenian. The occurrence of an angular unconformity suggests the influence of local tectonics. The Middle Miocene deposition shows different local variations but generally fits with the evolution of Central Paratethys and the Pannonian Basin System

Jaw Injuries of Independence Victims from the 1991 War in Croatia

In the aetiology of maxillofacial injuries, car accidents, violence, sports injuries and lately war injuries are frequently mentioned. The purpose of this study was to exhibit and analyse types of jaw injuries on bodies exhumed from massive and individual graves located in regions temporarily occupied during the War in Croatia that lasted from 1991 to 1995. The sample was the post-mortal documentation of the orofacial region (set of teeth, photographs, radiographic images) of 1068 victims exhumed from massive grave sites in Croatia. The jaw traumatism was analysed on the whole sample as well as on individual graves, whilst the analysis of trauma frequency was performed separately. Descriptive statistics were computed and the value of P<.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results of this study showed that out of 1068 examined corpses, 332 had midface and lower face fractures, which was 31.1% of the total number. Lower face fractures were more frequent with 28.1%. Age related frequency analysis showed a significant dependency. There were 34.6% of fractures in the under 30 age group, 34.2% in those aged 30-60, while 21.3% of fractures were noted in the over 60 age group. Female bodies had the lowest number of jaw fractures regardless of the osteoporotic changes. The results of this study suggest that younger and middle aged persons were molested more. Jaw fractures suggest ante-mortal molestation. In females, the more likely fracture causes were the falls of the bodies into the graves or body to body hits

Jaw injuries of independence victims from the 1991 War in Croatia [Traume čeljusti na žrtvama rata u Hrvatskoj 1991.]

In the aetiology of maxillofacial injuries, car accidents, violence, sports injuries and lately war injuries are frequently mentioned. The purpose of this study was to exhibit and analyse types of jaw injuries on bodies exhumed from massive and individual graves located in regions temporarily occupied during the War in Croatia that lasted from 1991 to 1995. The sample was the post-mortal documentation of the orofacial region (set of teeth, photographs, radiographic images) of 1068 victims exhumed from massive grave sites in Croatia. The jaw traumatism was analysed on the whole sample as well as on individual graves, whilst the analysis of trauma frequency was performed separately. Descriptive statistics were computed and the value of P < .05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results of this study showed that out of 1068 examined corpses, 332 had midface and lower face fractures, which was 31.1% of the total number. Lower face fractures were more frequent with 28.1%. Age related frequency analysis showed a significant dependency. There were 34.6% of fractures in the under 30 age group, 34.2% in those aged 30-60, while 21.3% of fractures were noted in the over 60 age group. Female bodies had the lowest number of jaw fractures regardless of the osteoporotic changes. The results of this study suggest that younger and middle aged persons were molested more. Jaw fractures suggest ante-mortal molestation. In females, the more likely fracture causes were the falls of the bodies into the graves or body to body hits

Periodontal Conditions in Individuals with Down\u27s Syndrome

Periodontal disease in Down\u27s syndrome (DS) population seems to be a more common and serious problem than caries. The aim of this study was to assess the state of periodontal structures in patients with DS. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs was used for periodontal status assessment in 71 DS subjects aged 9–34 years. A control group consisted of 71 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Both groups were divided into three age groups: 9–15 (n=24); 16–25 (n=32); and 26–34 (n=15) years. The results showed a similar percentage of subjects with bleeding and calculus. The intact periodontium was significantly higher in control than in DS (16.9% vs. none; p<0.01). Deep pockets were more frequent in DS group than in the control group (14.1% vs. 1.4%; p<0.01). The mean number of sextants with healthy tissue was lower, and of those with bleeding, calculus and shallow pockets significantly higher in DS patients than in controls (p<0.01), so all DS subjects required some periodontal treatment (p<0.01). It can be concluded that the severity of periodontal disease and the treatment needs seem to be significantly greater in DS than in healthy subjects