On fractional-order symmetric oscillator with offset-boosting control

This article analyzes the dynamical evolution of a three-dimensional symmetric oscillator with a fractional Caputo operator. The dynamical properties of the considered model such as equilibria and its stability are also presented. The existence results and uniqueness of solutions for the suggested model are analyzed using the tools from fixed point theory. The symmetric oscillator is analyzed numerically and graphically with various fractional orders. It is observed that the fractional operator has a significant impact on the evolution of the oscillator dynamics showing that the system has a limit-cycle attractor. Offset-boosting control phenomena in the system are also studied with different orders and parameters

Complex dynamics, sensitivity analysis and soliton solutions in the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Zoomeron model

This paper delves deeply into the investigation of the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Zoomeron model. The primary focus of the study revolves around comprehending the dynamic behaviors inherent to this model. This is achieved through a thorough exploration of bifurcations occurring at equilibrium points. The paper also effectively demonstrates the model’s propensity for chaotic behavior by employing principles rooted in chaos theory. Furthermore, the paper conducts a meticulous sensitivity analysis of the dynamical system. This analysis utilizes the RK4 method to establish that even minor deviations in initial conditions exert minimal influence on the overall stability of the solution. Additionally, the study employs the comprehensive discrimination system of the polynomial method. This is done systematically to construct individual traveling wave solutions for the governing model. The culmination of these findings contributes to the establishment of a robust and dynamic mathematical framework. This framework can be effectively employed to address a wide spectrum of nonlinear wave phenomena

Resistant and Susceptible <i>Pinus thunbergii</i> ParL. Show Highly Divergent Patterns of Differentially Expressed Genes during the Process of Infection by <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a devastating disease that threatens pine forests worldwide, and breeding resistant pines is an important management strategy used to reduce its impact. A batch of resistant seeds of P. thunbergii was introduced from Japan. Based on the resistant materials, we obtained somatic plants through somatic embryogenesis. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis to further understand the defense response of resistant somatic plants of P. thunbergii to PWD. The results showed that, after pine wood nematode (PWN) infection, resistant P. thunbergii stimulated more differential expression genes (DEGs) and involved more regulatory pathways than did susceptible P. thunbergii. For the first time, the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism were intensively observed in pines resisting PWN infection. The related genes disease resistance protein RPS2 (SUMM2) and pathogenesis-related genes (PR1), as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes were significantly up-expressed in order to contribute to protection against PWN inoculation in P. thunbergii. In addition, the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly enriched only in resistant P. thunbergii. These findings provided valuable genetic information for future breeding of resistant conifers, and could contribute to the development of new diagnostic tools for early screening of resistant pine seedlings based on specific PWN-tolerance-related markers

Predacious Strategies of Nematophagous Fungi as Bio-Control Agents

Plant-parasitic nematodes significantly threaten agriculture and forestry, causing various diseases. They cause annual losses of up to 178 billion dollars worldwide due to their parasitism. Nematophagous fungi (NF) are valuable in controlling or reducing parasitic nematode diseases by killing nematodes through predatory behavior. This article summarizes the strategic approaches adopted by NF to capture, poison, or consume nematodes for food. NF are classified based on their attacking strategies, including nematode trapping, endoparasitism, toxin production, and egg and female parasitism. Moreover, extracellular enzymes such as serine proteases and chitinases also play an important role in the fungal infection of nematodes by disrupting nematode cuticles, which act as essential virulence factors to target the chemical constituents comprising the nematode cuticle and eggshell. Based on the mentioned approaches, it is crucial to consider the mechanisms employed by NF to control nematodes focused on the use of NF as biocontrol agents

Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Composed of Nanostructural ZnO Doped with Ti

Photoanode materials with optimized particle sizes, excellent surface area and dye loading capability are preferred in good-performance dye sensitized solar cells. Herein, we report on an efficient dye-sensitized mesoporous photoanode of Ti doped zinc oxide (Ti-ZnO) through a facile hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, morphology, surface area, optical and electrochemical properties of the Ti-ZnO were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was observed that Ti-ZnO nanoparticles with a high surface area of 131.85 m2 g&minus;1 and a controlled band gap, exhibited considerably increased light harvesting efficiency, dye loading capability, and achieved comparable solar cell performance at a typical nanocrystalline ZnO photoanode

Open Networking Engine (ONE): An Orchestration Tool for Open Optical Line System

Software-Defined Optical Networking (SDON) signifies a revolutionary paradigm in optical network management and provisioning. It leverages the power of software-defined networking (SDN) principles to enhance the flexibility, efficiency, and intelligence of optical networks. In the realm of SDON, we introduce the Open Networking Engine (ONE), a groundbreaking application designed to optimize White-box Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers (ROADMs). ONE serves as a vital bridge between cutting-edge technology and real-world network orchestration. By harnessing the device&#x2019;s YANG Models and the NETCONF protocol, it empowers network administrators with the ability to dynamically configure, provision, and monitor ROADMs. This study not only highlights ONE&#x2019;s competency in the efficient management of optical network resources but also underscores its effectiveness in demonstrating the potential of flex-grid technology, particularly in terms of spectral efficiency. The study also delves into the impact of channel bandwidth on critical network traffic parameters, including packet loss, round-trip time (RTT), throughput, and TCP window size. The result is a noteworthy achievement, with a 93.4&#x0025; improvement in spectral efficiency realized through comprehensive signal analysis. This research highlights the promising path toward enhancing optical network performance, fostering a more agile and resource-efficient network infrastructure

Complex behavior and soliton solutions of the Resonance Nonlinear Schrödinger equation with modified extended tanh expansion method and Galilean transformation

This paper delves into a complex mathematical equation known as the resonance nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We analyze its detailed patterns and solutions, explaining the fundamental algorithm of the equation and simplifying it into an ordinary differential equation. Additionally, we use the Galilean transformation to turn it into a set of simpler equations. Our investigation covers various aspects such as bifurcations, chaotic flows, and other interesting dynamic features. This culminates in identifying and visually representing solitary wave solutions. We thoroughly examine and present cases ranging from an elegant solitary wave set against a repeating background with unique characteristics to periodic solitons and singular breather-like waves. This work represents a significant step forward in understanding the complex and unpredictable behavior of this mathematical model

Mathematical modelling with computational fractional order for the unfolding dynamics of the communicable diseases

Mathematical models based on computational fractional orders, employed for accurate modelling of complex dynamic systems, can ensure the implementation of various analytical, numerical and computing methods encompassing their applications to emerging and ever-varying real-world problems. Tracking, managing and controlling communicable diseases, one being monkeypox with different features, virological and taxonomic attributes, are oriented towards high-risk groups concerning global public health. This study, accordingly, is devoted to the presentation of the piecewise global derivative model of the monkeypox virus by applying the Caputo and Atangana Baleanu fractional-order derivatives in the partitioned two sub-intervals. The model includes eight compartments with two categories of human and rodent populations. The cases which take part in some sense for the said infection are investigated along with connection in this format. The existence and uniqueness of the solution in the framework of the piecewise global derivative are analyzed for both sub-intervals using fixed point theory. The detailed investigation of the dynamics of fractional-order systems and among many other dynamic features, stability is addressed. The stability of the solution is, thus, examined using the idea of Ulam Hyers concept. For the best fitting values of the parameters, the results are simulated using the monkeypox data. Using the method of Newton polynomial, different piecewise dynamics of each compartment are simulated on different fractional orders and time durations. This kind of a proposed approach is thought to lay a foundation where the transmission takes place to control epidemic events and other infectious medical conditions through vaccines or taking preventive measures to maintain and advance global public health while fully optimizing the clinical care of the diseases to manage complications, alleviate symptoms as well as prevent the long-term sequelae. This analysis also deals with sudden variation in monkeypox dynamics and also for crossover dynamics along with removal of discontinuity through modification of piecewise global analysis

Transcriptional Profiling and Transposon Mutagenesis Study of the Endophyte <i>Pantoea eucalypti</i> FBS135 Adapting to Nitrogen Starvation

The research on plant endophytes has been drawing a lot of attention in recent years. Pantoea belongs to a group of endophytes with plant growth-promoting activity and has been widely used in agricultural fields. In our earlier studies, Pantoea eucalypti FBS135 was isolated from healthy-growing Pinus massoniana and was able to promote pine growth. P. eucalypti FBS135 can grow under extremely low nitrogen conditions. To understand the mechanism of the low-nitrogen tolerance of this bacterium, the transcriptome of FBS135 in the absence of nitrogen was examined in this study. We found that FBS135 actively regulates its gene expression in response to nitrogen deficiency. Nearly half of the number (4475) of genes in FBS135 were differentially expressed under this condition, mostly downregulated, while it significantly upregulated many transportation-associated genes and some nitrogen metabolism-related genes. In the downregulated genes, the ribosome pathway-related ones were significantly enriched. Meanwhile, we constructed a Tn5 transposon library of FBS135, from which four genes involved in low-nitrogen tolerance were screened out, including the gene for the host-specific protein J, RNA polymerase σ factor RpoS, phosphoribosamine-glycine ligase, and serine acetyltransferase. Functional analysis of the genes revealed their potential roles in the adaptation to nitrogen limitation. The results obtained in this work shed light on the mechanism of endophytes represented by P. eucalypti FBS135, at the overall transcriptional level, to an environmentally limited nitrogen supply and provided a basis for further investigation on this topic

Fractional Order Mathematical Model of Serial Killing with Different Choices of Control Strategy

The current manuscript describes the dynamics of a fractional mathematical model of serial killing under the Mittag–Leffler kernel. Using the fixed point theory approach, we present a qualitative analysis of the problem and establish a result that ensures the existence of at least one solution. Ulam’s stability of the given model is presented by using nonlinear concepts. The iterative fractional-order Adams–Bashforth approach is being used to find the approximate solution. The suggested method is numerically simulated at various fractional orders. The simulation is carried out for various control strategies. Over time, all of the compartments demonstrate convergence and stability. Different fractional orders have produced an excellent comparison outcome, with low fractional orders achieving stability sooner