Iron-related parameters in adipose tissue and blood in diabetes mellitus

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to be associated with increased body iron stores. The iron content in adipose tissue has been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, a characteristic feature of T2DM. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study iron-related parameters in adipose tissue and blood in T2DM patients and to compare them with control subjects OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine mRNA expression of transferrin receptor 1(TfR1) (the iron import protein) and ferroportin (the iron export protein) in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in patients with T2DM and in control subjects. 2. To compare serum levels of iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation in patients with T2DM and control subjects. 3. To obtain anthropometric data of these patients and correlate these with the above parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery were the subjects of this study. Such patients were classified as diabetics or controls as per the American Diabetes Association 2015 criteria. Anthropometric data and blood samples were collected from the patients preoperatively. Blood was used to estimate various iron-related parameters. Samples of sub-cutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were collected at the time of surgery. These samples were used to determine gene expression of ferroportin and TfR1. RESULTS: Twenty three diabetics and 14 control subjects were studied. Blood parameters of iron status and body mass index were similar in both groups. TfR1 mRNA levels tended to be higher in the visceral adipose tissue of the diabetic group compared to controls (p value = 0.069). There was a significant correlation between TfR1 and ferroportin mRNA levels in the visceral adipose tissue of diabetics. CONCLUSION: The observations of this study suggest that adipocytes in VAT from diabetics may be iron-depleted, as indicated by a trend for TfR1 mRNA levels to be higher in diabetics. This observation requires confirmation in an adequate sample size of patients

Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Questionnaire

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to assess the oral health quality of life of patients treated for cleft lip and palate using oral health related quality of life (OHRQol) scale and profile evaluation questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with cleft lip and palate deformity without any associated craniofacial deformity or mental disorder within 8 to 25 years of age were included in the study. All the patients were surgically treated in Ragas dental college and Hospital by the same surgeon with the standard protocol. The control group consisted of sixty children and adolescents, selected by random sampling, within the age group of 8 to 25 years unaffected by CL/P from public schools and colleges. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants and care givers who participated in the study.The quality of life of patients was evaluated using “Oral Health Related Quality Of Life” (OHRQol) scale and “Profile Evaluation Questionnaire”. The obtained data was analyzed using factorial ANOVA and independent t test. RESULT: There is no significant difference between the cleft patients based on age or gender. However the quality of life and self satisfaction based on profile of the face, appearance of nose and lip are significantly lower in the Bilateral cleft lip and palate patients when compared to other types of cleft deformities according COHIP score and CEP score (Cleft evaluation profile). The overall quality of life of cleft patients is lower in comparison to the control group and the difference is statistically significant. There is no significant response between the cleft patients and the caregivers towards treatment and satisfaction with various aspects of form and function of face. Both the cleft lip and palate patients and their caregivers are least satisfied with profile of face,appearance of noseand appearance of lip. CONCLUSION: The participants with cleft had lower oral health related quality of life and unsatisfied facial appearance compared with healthy participants in all domains. This study highlights the emotional outcome and satisfaction of the patients and their care givers on surgical management of the cleft lip and palate. The cleft patients should not only be treated for surgical correction of the deformity and should also be managed by psychological counselling for better and complete treatment outcome

Magnetohydrodynamic Flow over an Immersed Axi-Symmetrical Body with Curved Surface and Heat Transfer

In this paper analysis has been carried out on the effects of thermal radiation on unsteady flow of a Newtonian fluid over an immersed   axi-symmetrical body with curved surface in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field. The governing equations are made dimensionless and solved by finite difference method. The results for the velocity and temperature profiles are presented graphically along with the different range of dimensionless numbers of magnetic parameter M, Peclet number, Reynold number, Eckert number, Prandtl number etc. These results will have major application in designing bodies requiring high maneuverability and less resistance to the motion e.g. aerofoil and cooling fans. Keywords: Thermal radiation, curved surface, MHD, Heat transfe

MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW OVER AN IMMERSED AXI-SYMETRICAL BODY WITH CURVED SURFACE AND HEAT TRANSFER

In this paper analysis has been carried out on the effects of thermal radiation on unsteady flow of a Newtonian fluid over an immersed   axi-symmetrical body with curved surface in the presence of auniform transverse magnetic field. The governing equations are made dimensionless and solved by finite difference method. The results for the velocity and  temperature profiles are presented graphically along with the different range of dimensionless numbers of magnetic parameter M, percelt number, Reynold number, Eckert number,  prandtl number etc.These results will have major application in designing bodies requiring high maneuverability and less resistance to the motion e.g. aerofoil and cooling fans. Keywords: Thermal radiation; curved surface; MHD, Heat transfer

Gestational and Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus in Omani Women : Comparison of obstetric and perinatal outcomes

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) among pregnant women in Oman and compare their obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study assessed the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant Omani women with GDM or PGDM who delivered at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, between January 2009 and December 2010. Results: There were a total of 5,811 deliveries during the study period. Of the 5,811 women who gave birth, 639 women were found to have diabetes mellitus (11.0%). A total of 581 of the diabetic women had GDM (90.9%) and only 58 (9.1%) had PGDM. Women with PGDM had a significantly higher incidence of pre-eclampsia (P = 0.022), preterm deliveries (P <0.001) and Caesarean sections (P <0.001). Neonatal complications, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonatal hypoglycaemia, neonatal jaundice and subsequent admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were significantly higher for neonates born to mothers with PGDM compared to those born to mothers with GDM (P <0.001). The corrected perinatal mortality rates for women with PGDM and GDM were 34.5 and 13.7 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Conclusion: In this Omani cohort, women with PGDM were at higher risk of developing obstetric and perinatal complications such as pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery and Caesarean delivery compared to women with GDM. In addition, neonates who had mothers with PGDM had higher rates of RDS, neonatal hypoglycaemia, neonatal jaundice and admission to the NICU

Asymptomatic Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenoma with a Solid Mural Leiomyoma : Case report and brief review

Mucinous neoplasms of the ovary may have associated benign or malignant mural nodules. A leiomyomatous mural nodule is a rare, benign lesion associated with mucinous tumors of the ovary. We report a case of a mural leiomyomatous nodule arising in a benign mucinous cystadenoma in a 29-year-old woman who presented with a large heterogenous abdominal mass. After pre-operative evaluation, exploratory laparotomy was performed upon suspicion of ovarian malignancy. A pathological examination confirmed the benign nature of the mural nodule. 

Twin Pregnancy with a Complete Hydatidiform Mole and a Coexisting Live Fetus : Rare entity

A hydatidiform mole with a coexisting live fetus is a rare occurrence and the optimal management for this condition is not yet known. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 2) who presented to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in March 2012 at 13 gestational weeks with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. An ultrasound examination revealed a hydatidiform mole pregnancy coexisting with a live fetus. After extensive counselling, the patient and her husband opted for a conservative management approach. Unfortunately, a hysterotomy had to be performed at 17 gestational weeks due to severe haemorrhage. The postoperative period was uneventful and histopathology results confirmed one complete mole with a coexisting fetus and normal placenta. The patient’s serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin level remained normal for 18 months following her surgery

Multiple Enteric Duplication Cysts in a Twin Fetus : Diagnosis and management

Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. These can be suspected if cystic lesions are noted in the fetal abdomen during an antenatal ultrasonogram. The differential diagnoses of fetal intra-abdominal cystic lesions include fetal omental cysts, fetal mesenteric cysts, meconium pseudocysts and fetal ovarian cysts. We report an antenatally diagnosed enteric duplication cyst in one of a set of twin fetuses which was managed successfully.

Ruptured Rudimentary Horn Pregnancy Diagnosed by Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Resulting in Fetal Salvage

Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn is very rare. The rupture of the horn during pregnancy is an obstetric emergency which can be life-threatening for both the mother and fetus. Preoperative diagnosis of such pregnancies can be challenging and they are usually diagnosed intraoperatively. We report a unique case of a 31-year-old multiparous woman who presented to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, in January 2013 at 32 gestational weeks with abdominal pain. Ultrasonography was inconclusive. A rudimentary horn pregnancy was subsequently diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An emergency laparotomy revealed haemoperitoneum and a ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy. A live baby with an Apgar score of 2 at one minute and 7 at five minutes was delivered. The rudimentary horn with the placenta in situ was excised and a left salpingooophorectomy was performed. The postoperative period was uneventful. The authors recommend MRI as an excellent diagnostic modality to confirm rudimentary horn pregnancies and to expedite appropriate management