The impact of social participation on the efficiency of communal investment expenditure

The main objective of the article is to determine, on the example of the communes of the Małopolska Province, the factors that affect the efficiency of communal investment expenditures, with particular emphasis on social participation. In order to achieve this aim, appropriate two-stage empirical studies were designed. In the first stage, the efficiency of communal investment expenditure was determined using the DEA and order-m methods for all studied local government units. In turn, the second stage of the empirical study was based on an econometric analysis, which indicated that the examined efficiency is influenced by the following factors: location of the commune in the Cracow metropolitan area, level of communal investment expenditure per capita, intensity of use of external sources of financing communal investment, and level of social participation in the commune

The impact of job satisfaction on valuers’ attitudes towards professional ethics

Professional ethics is one of the two pillars of the valuer’s business practice, alongside expert knowledge. Ethical principles are usually formulated within a code of professional ethics which valuers are obliged to follow. The approach to professional ethics is a complex problem and it is conditioned by several factors. In our study, we pose the question whether higher professional satisfaction of real estate valuers translates into more ethical attitudes regarding work-related dilemmas. We conducted research on property valuation services in two European markets: Austria and Poland. Data for the analysis was drawn from 176 surveys in which valuers were asked to respond to hypothetical work situations corresponding to the principles of the real estate valuer’s code. The results obtained using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage last squares (2SLS) regression methods allow us to conclude that higher job satisfaction positively impacts valuers’ ethical attitudes. The segment of the market served is also an important driver. Valuers who mainly work for property developers show a significantly lower level of ethical attitudes. The influence of the country on professional ethics is ambiguous

The Impact of Macro Factors on Apartment Prices in Polish Counties: A Two-Stage Quantile Spatial Regression Approach

The aim of this study is to identify the economic, demographic, environmental and spatial determinants of residential property prices in Polish counties. Two-stage quantile spatial regression (2SQSR) is the main method of analysis. Additionally, two-stage least squares regression (2SLS) is used

House Price Convergence on the Primary and Secondary Markets: Evidence from Polish Provincial Capitals

The aim of this study is to identify whether there is a common house price trend across provincial capitals in Poland. The log t regression is the main method of analysis. Additionally, traditional convergence tests based on the concepts of β- and σ-convergence are used. The obtained results indicate that the cities do not share a common price in the long-run. There are, however, convergence clubs on both primary and secondary markets. In each club, house prices across cities tend to converge to their own steady state. Moreover, research on the driving forces of convergence reports that factors affecting housing prices differ among the clubs. Therefore, policymakers should adjust housing policies in accordance with the characteristics of a given club. In turn, the σ-convergence model demonstrated a very interesting finding, namely, a U-shape pattern of convergence, both on the primary and secondary markets. This pattern is strictly correlated with the level of prices on the markets

Study of effectiveness of selected investment funds with assets in the polish real estate market

Badanie efektywności funduszy inwestycyjnych jest zjawiskiem dość często obserwowanym. Jednak tego typu analizy w zdecydowanej większości dotyczą funduszy akcji czy obligacji. Wydaje się, że fundusze nieruchomościowe z uwagi na to, że są stosunkowo młodym produktem na polskim rynku finansowym oraz z powodu diametralnie innego celu inwestycji powinny być przedmiotem szerokich badań. Celem prezentowanego opracowania było zbadanie efektywności wybranych funduszy inwestycyjnych lokujących swoje aktywa na polskim rynku nieruchomości w latach 2014–2016. W trakcie badań empirycznych przeanalizowano cztery wybrane fundusze inwestycyjne za pomocą relatywnych oraz bezwzględnych miar efektywności. Wyniki analizy ukazały, że większość funduszy inwestycyjnych działających na rynku nieruchomości osiągały słabe rezultaty, co może wynikać z braku umiejętności i wiedzy zarządzającego funduszem oraz złej polityki inwestycyjnej.The examination of the effectiveness of investment funds is a frequently observed phenomenon. However, such analyses largely concern stock and bond funds. It appears that due to their relatively young age as products on the Polish financial market and the radically different objective of investment real estate funds should be subject to extensive research. The aim of the presented study was to investigate the effectiveness of selected investment funds with assets in the Polish real estate market in 2014–2016. Throughout the course of empirical research four selected investment funds were examined using relative and absolute measurements of effectiveness. Analysis of data showed that the majority of investment funds operating on the real estate market actually achieved poor results. This may be due to a lack of prior knowledge and expertise of manager presiding over the fund, but also due to bad investment policies

Spillovers across House Price Convergence Clubs: Evidence from the Polish Housing Market

The aim of this study is to assess whether significant spillovers exist among house price convergence clubs in the Polish housing market. This paper is a continuation of my previous research on house price convergence in Poland. In order to achieve the defined goal, VAR modelling was used. Based on the results of the VAR model, impulse response functions (IRFs) and the Spillover Index were calculated. The obtained results indicate that spillovers in the Polish housing market are strong. The relationships are observed both inside the primary and secondary markets and between them. In particular, a very powerful influence is exerted from a club of cities from the primary market, consisting of Cracow, Warsaw, Gdańsk, Poznań, Rzeszów and Wrocław, on the remaining identified house price convergence clubs

Modelling the Impact of Different COVID-19 Pandemic Waves on Real Estate Stock Returns and Their Volatility Using a GJR-GARCHX Approach: An International Perspective

This paper aims to investigate the impact of various COVID-19 pandemic waves on real estate stock returns and their volatility in developed (US, Australia), emerging (Turkey, Poland), and frontier (Morocco, Jordan) markets. A study using a GJR-GARCHX model revealed that the pandemic outbreak had a limited impact on real estate company stocks. The first pandemic wave only in the US caused a decline in stock returns. In turn, this was the case in Poland and Jordan during the second and third waves. Furthermore, in the aftermath of the pandemic development, an increase in the volatility of stock returns can be observed in the Polish financial market. However, this effect mainly applies to the period of the first disease wave

Real estate brokerage and endowment effects in the housing market: Evidence from Poland

In the housing market, the prices sellers would be willing to accept to sell their properties exceed the prices buyers would be willing to pay for them. Behavioural economics postulates that this discrepancy is due to the endowment effect, which is a cognitive bias that causes the overvaluation of the goods we own. However, the existing literature lacks theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on the impact of the use of real estate agents by parties to transactions on the endowment effect in the housing market. Therefore, this study aims to assess the influence of real estate brokerage on the endowment effect using the example of the Polish residential market. To achieve the purpose of this study, a lab-in-the-field experiment was conducted with 248 respondents divided into sellers and buyers. The results indicate that the participation of real estate agents during transactions does not lead to the weakening or elimination of the endowment effect but, in some cases, to its intensification, which is due to the framing by buyers and sellers of the commission charged by agents as a loss requiring compensation. This research confirms the inefficiency of commission-based real estate brokerage services and points to possible corrective actions for legislators

Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions of university students in selected post-communist countries in Europe: investigating cross-cultural differences

Main goal of this study is to explore the entrepreneurial intentions of students in selected European post-communist states. The second purpose of the research is to learn about those determinants which, according to the respondents themselves, are essential for the emergence of entrepreneurial intentions. In short, the results of hierarchical multiple OLS regression indicated that the most important factor influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of the surveyed students was entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Moreover, based on estimates of the final regression model, it was identified that dummy variables concerning the respondents’ country significantly moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the dependent variable. It can be noted that the strength of the impact of the above-mentioned regressor is closely related to the values of Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture. The obtained results were fully confirmed using an alternative research method, i.e. the ordered logit model. In the second stage of the study, it was revealed that the desire to be independent is the most frequently cited factor motivating the respondents to start their own business. Moreover, using the multiple marginal independence (MMI) testing method, it was found that student responses differ significantly among the examined countries, except for two cases, i.e. Russia and Latvia, and the Czech Republic and Slovakia. First published online 30 November 202

Estimation of the Utility Function of Money and Housing Based on the Cumulative Prospect Theory

This article addresses the issue of the utility of money and the utility of housing with a value equivalent to that amount of money. The literature provides many reports on the shape of the utility function for money, but much less research has been devoted to the utility function for housing. The aim of this study was to estimate the utility function of money and housing according to the cumulative prospect theory (CPT) developed by Tversky and Kahneman (1992). Parameters alpha (α), beta (β), and lambda (λ) were estimated to compare the utility value of money and housing. The most important conclusions of the study are as follows: parameters alpha and beta were greater than 0 and less than 1 for both housing and money. Function v(x) was concave in the gain domain and convex in the loss domain, which is consistent with the CPT. The differences in the lambda parameter denoting loss aversion were not significant, and the value of the utility function was somewhat higher for money than for housing. This study was undertaken to estimate the CPT parameters for housing, which, according to the authors’ best knowledge, has not been investigated to date